Tryphaena

Tryphaena (Greek: Τρύφαινα; born about 141 BC, died in 111 BC) was a Ptolemaic princess. She married the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII Grypus and was queen of Syria (124-111 BC).

Life

It is often assumed that Tryphaena also bore the name Cleopatra, but this has not been attested. She was the oldest daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII Physcon and his niece and wife Cleopatra III. Therefore, she was the sister of Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Ptolemy X Alexander I, Cleopatra IV and Cleopatra Selene I.

In 124 BC Ptolemy VIII no longer supported his pretender for the Seleucid throne, Alexander II Zabinas, but Antiochus VIII Grypus, the son of Demetrius II Nicator and Cleopatra Thea. So Ptolemy VIII married his daughter Tryphaena to Antiochus VIII and also sent him reinforcements. The couple had five sons: Seleucus VI Epiphanes, the twin Antiochus XI Epiphanes and Philip I Philadelphus, Demetrius III Eucaerus, and Antiochus XII Dionysus. Tryphaena also bore her husband a daughter called Laodice, who became the wife of Mithridates I Callinicus.

In 112 BC Antiochus VIII defeated his stepbrother and rival Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, and took Antioch, where Cleopatra IV, the wife of Antiochus IX, stayed. Tryphaena hated her sister Cleopatra IV, who had taken refuge in the temple of Apollo, and wanted her to be killed. She accused Cleopatra IV of introducing foreign armies into the dispute between the Seleucid stepbrothers and marrying outside Egypt against the will of her mother. Antiochus VIII asked his wife in vain to spare her sister. He said that his ancestors had never dealt so violently with women. He added that the temple, where Cleopatra IV had taken refuge, was sacred, and that he had to respect the gods, with whose help he had won. But Tryphaena was not to be persuaded by her husband and ordered several soldiers to execute her sister. They penetrated into the temple and killed Cleopatra IV. Before dying Cleopatra IV cursed her murderers and left her revenge to the discretion of the dishonoured gods. A year later (111 BC) Tryphaena was taken prisoner by Antiochus IX after he had beaten his stepbrother in another battle. Antiochus IX had her executed and sacrificed her in this way to the manes of his wife.

Source :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryphaena

Tryphaena

Tryphaena (Greek: Τρύφαινα; born about 141 BC, died in 111 BC) was a Ptolemaic princess. She married the Seleucid king Antiochus VIII Grypus and was queen of Syria (124-111 BC).

Life

It is often assumed that Tryphaena also bore the name Cleopatra, but this has not been attested. She was the oldest daughter of the Egyptian king Ptolemy VIII Physcon and his niece and wife Cleopatra III. Therefore, she was the sister of Ptolemy IX Lathyros, Ptolemy X Alexander I, Cleopatra IV and Cleopatra Selene I.

In 124 BC Ptolemy VIII no longer supported his pretender for the Seleucid throne, Alexander II Zabinas, but Antiochus VIII Grypus, the son of Demetrius II Nicator and Cleopatra Thea. So Ptolemy VIII married his daughter Tryphaena to Antiochus VIII and also sent him reinforcements. The couple had five sons: Seleucus VI Epiphanes, the twin Antiochus XI Epiphanes and Philip I Philadelphus, Demetrius III Eucaerus, and Antiochus XII Dionysus. Tryphaena also bore her husband a daughter called Laodice, who became the wife of Mithridates I Callinicus.

In 112 BC Antiochus VIII defeated his stepbrother and rival Antiochus IX Cyzicenus, and took Antioch, where Cleopatra IV, the wife of Antiochus IX, stayed. Tryphaena hated her sister Cleopatra IV, who had taken refuge in the temple of Apollo, and wanted her to be killed. She accused Cleopatra IV of introducing foreign armies into the dispute between the Seleucid stepbrothers and marrying outside Egypt against the will of her mother. Antiochus VIII asked his wife in vain to spare her sister. He said that his ancestors had never dealt so violently with women. He added that the temple, where Cleopatra IV had taken refuge, was sacred, and that he had to respect the gods, with whose help he had won. But Tryphaena was not to be persuaded by her husband and ordered several soldiers to execute her sister. They penetrated into the temple and killed Cleopatra IV. Before dying Cleopatra IV cursed her murderers and left her revenge to the discretion of the dishonoured gods. A year later (111 BC) Tryphaena was taken prisoner by Antiochus IX after he had beaten his stepbrother in another battle. Antiochus IX had her executed and sacrificed her in this way to the manes of his wife.

Source :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tryphaena

Tryphaena ( řecky : Τρύφαινα ; narozen kolem roku 141 př. n. l., zemřel v roce 111 př. n. l.) byla ptolemaiovská princezna. Provdala se za seleukovského krále Antiocha VIII. Grypa a byla syrskou královnou (124-111 př.nl).

'''Život'''

Často se předpokládá, že Tryphaena také nesla jméno Kleopatra, ale to nebylo doloženo. Byla nejstarší dcerou egyptského krále Ptolemaia VIII Physcona a jeho neteře a manželky Kleopatry III. Proto byla sestrou Ptolemaia IX. Lathyros, Ptolemaia X. Alexandra I., Kleopatry IV. a Kleopatry Selene I.
V roce 124 př. nl Ptolemaios VIII. již nepodporoval svého uchazeče o seleukovský trůn, Alexandra II. Zabinase, ale Antiocha VIII. Grypa, syna Demetria II. Nicatora a Kleopatry Thea. Ptolemaios VIII tedy provdal svou dceru Tryphaenu za Antiocha VIII. a také mu poslal posily. Pár měl pět synů: Seleucus VI Epiphanes, dvojče Antiochus XI Epiphanes a Philip I Philadelphus, Demetrius III Eucaerus a Antiochus XII Dionýsos. Tryphaena také porodila svému manželovi dceru jménem Laodice, která se stala manželkou Mithridates I. Callinicus.
V roce 112 př.nl Antiochus VIII porazil svého nevlastního bratra a rivala Antiocha IX Cyzicena a dobyl Antiochii, kde pobývala Kleopatra IV., manželka Antiocha IX. Tryphaena nenáviděla svou sestru Kleopatru IV., která se uchýlila do Apollónova chrámu, a chtěla, aby byla zabita. Obvinila Kleopatru IV., že do sporu mezi seleukovskými nevlastními bratry zavedla cizí armády a proti vůli své matky se provdala mimo Egypt. Antiochus VIII. marně žádal svou ženu, aby ušetřila její sestru. Říkal, že jeho předci se nikdy tak násilně se ženami nechovali. Dodal, že chrám, kam se uchýlila Kleopatra IV., je posvátný a že si musí vážit bohů, s jejichž pomocí zvítězil. Ale Tryphaena se nenechala manželem přesvědčit a nařídila několika vojákům, aby popravili její sestru. Pronikli do chrámu a zabili Kleopatru IV. Před smrtí Kleopatra IV. proklela své vrahy a ponechala svou pomstu na uvážení zneuctěných bohů. O rok později (111 př.nl) byla Tryphaena zajata Antiochem IX. poté, co porazil svého nevlastního bratra v jiné bitvě. Antiochos IX ji nechal popravit a obětoval ji tímto způsobem na hřívu své ženy.