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About Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy
Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy
- Parents: Vilhjálm Langaspjót & Sprota de Senlis
- Spouse: Gunnor de Crépon
Children:
- 1. Richard II 'le Bon', Duke of Normandy (966)
- 2. Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
- 3. Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033.
- 4. Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989 (some sources have this one as identical to Robert the archbishop - another possibility is a child who died young)
- 5. (unknown son)
- 6. Emma (Ælfgifu) of Normandy (c. 985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
- 7. Hawise (Havoise) married Geoffroi de Bretagne
- 8. Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
NOTE
Richard I of Normandy was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title.
Project MedLands, NORMANDY
RICHARD, son of GUILLAUME Comte [ de Normandie] & his first [wife] Sprota --- (Fécamp [932]-Fécamp 20 Nov 996, bur Fécamp[76]). Guillaume of Jumièges records that, after the rebel “Riulfus” was defeated at the battle of "Pratum-belli", a messenger arrived “a...Fiscannensis castri” and reported the birth of his son to “nobilissima puella Danico more sibi iuncta...Sprota” to Guillaume who ordered him to be sent immediately to “Baiocas...episcopo Henrico” for baptism as “Richardum”[77]. Flodoard records "filio ipsius Willelmi, nato de concubina Brittana" being granted the land of the Normans by King Louis after his father's death[78]. Richard is described as "a boy" on the death of his father by Dudo of Saint-Quentin[79]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that, after his father was killed, “puerum Richardum” was recalled from Bayeux and placed "sub tutela Bernardi Dani"[80]. He succeeded his father as RICHARD I "Sans Peur" Comte [de Normandie]. Orderic Vitalis records that "Willelmus dux" was killed in 942 “fraude Arnulphi Flandrensis satrapæ” and that “Ricardus filius eius...tunc decem annorum” was made “dux Normannorum” a position which he held for 54 years[81]. He used the title Comte de Rouen/comes Rothomagensium, and from 966 Marquis des Normands/marchio Normannorum[82]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Louis IV King of the West Franks, after the death of Richard´s father, marched on Rouen, was received by “Rodulphus et Bernardus atque Anslech totius Normannici ducatus tutores”, and captured Richard, who was taken to Laon but was freed by “Osmundus...consilio cum Yvone patre Willelmi de Belismo” and taken to “Silvanectis” where “Bernardus...comes” protected “nepotem suum Richardum”[83]. His forces defeated the army of Otto I King of Germany after it attempted to capture Rouen in revenge for the escape of comte Richard from captivity[84]. Comte Richard defeated French forces after King Lothaire of France captured Evreux. Dudo de Saint-Quentin records that, soon after succeeding, Richard suppressed the rebellion of Rodulf "Torta", who was banished and fled to Paris[85]. These events are not dated, but are recounted with the betrothal of Richard to the daughter of Hugues Duc des Francs, which is dated to 956. Hugues "le Grand" Duc des Francs nominated comte Richard as guardian of his son, the future Hugues "Capet" King of France, in 956, the arrangement being confirmed by Richard's betrothal to Hugues's sister[86]. He invited William of Volpiano, Italian abbot of Saint-Bénigne at Dijon, to reform the Norman abbeys, and installed monks at Mont-Saint-Michel and Fécamp[87]. He agreed a non-aggression pact with Æthelred II King of England 1 Mar 991, designed no doubt to prevent either side from sheltering Viking marauders[88]. "Ricardus filius Willelmi, dux Normannie" founded Louviers "in Ebroicensi pago" by undated charter[89]. Guillaume of Jumièges records the death “apud Fiscannum” in 996 of “Richardus dux primus”[90]. Orderic Vitalis records the death in 996 of "Ricardo seniore"[91]. The Brevis Relatio de Origine Willelmi Conquestoris records that "Ricardus…filius Willelmi et alius Ricardus" were buried "Fiscanni"[92]. married firstly (betrothed 956, Rouen 960) EMMA, daughter of HUGUES "le Grand" Duc des Francs, Comte de Paris & his third wife Hedwig of Germany ([943]-after 19 Mar 968). The Liber Modernorum Regum Francorum records the marriage in 956 of "Richardus filius Guillelmi principis Normannorum" with "filiam Hugonis ducis", although she is not named[93]. Guillaume of Jumièges records the betrothal of “Hugo dux...filiam suam...Emmam” and “puerum Richardum”, with the consent of “Bernardi Silvanectensis”, and in a later passage their marriage[94]. No direct proof has yet been identified that Emma was the daughter of her father's third marriage. However, this is likely given that betrothals at the time normally took place when the female partner was still a child or in early adolescence. Guillaume of Jumièges records the death without children of “Emma uxor eius filia Hugonis Magni”[95]. married secondly ([before 989]) GUNNORA, daughter of --- ([950]-5 Jan 1031). Guillaume de Jumièges records that "in domo forestarii...hospiti suo...uxorem suam Sainfriam" rejected the advances of Richard I Comte [de Normandie] and sent “Gunnorem sororem suam” to his bed in her place[96]. Guillaume of Jumièges records that Richard married “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, in the sentence which follows the record of the death of Richard´s first wife[97]. According to Robert de Torigny, the marriage took place to legitimise Richard and Gunnora's son Robert to permit his appointment as Archbishop of Rouen[98]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Gunnor" as the wife of "dux Normannie primus Richardus"[99]. "Duke Richard [II]" donated property to the abbey of Mont Saint-Michel by charter dated to [1024/26], subscribed by "…Gonnor matris comitis…"[100]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1030 of "Gunnor comitissa uxor primi Ricardi"[101]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "Non Jan" of "Gonnoridis…comitissa Normannie"[102].
Richard & his second wife GUNNORA had eight children (legitimated [before 989] by the subsequent marriage of their parents):
- 1. RICHARD (-23 Aug 1026, bur Fécamp). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[103]. He succeeded his father in 996 as RICHARD II "le Bon/l'Irascible" Comte de Normandie. Duke of Normandy [1015].
- 2. ROBERT (-1037). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[104]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Robertus archiepiscopus Rothomagensis" as brother of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[105]. He is named as brother of Duke Richard II by Orderic Vitalis[106]. Comte d'Evreux. Archbishop of Rouen 989, after his parents married to legitimise him in order to regularise his appointment according to Robert de Torigny[107]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[108]. Guillaume of Jumièges records the succession of Robert after the death of his brother, his siege of “Ebroicum...urbem” due to his enmity for “Robertum archipræsulum” who fled to “Robertum regem Francorum” before being reconciled with Duke Robert[109]. Robert of Torigny records the death in 1037 of "Robertus…archiepiscopus Rothomagensis"[110].
- 3. ROBERT ["Danus"] (-12 Aug [985/89]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[111]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[112]. Houts names Robert “Danus” as one of these unnamed sons of Richard but does not cite the corresponding source[113]. The necrology of Saint-Père-en-Vallée records the death "II Id Aug" of "Robertus puer filius comitis Richardi"[114].
- 4. MAUGER (-[1033/40]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[115]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[116]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[117]. Comte de Corbeil, by right of his wife.
- 5. Son . Guillaume of Jumièges names “Richardum...et Robertum atque Malgerium aliosque duos” as the sons of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”[118]. Robert of Torigny names "Ricardum…qui ei successit et Robertum postea archiepiscopum Rothomagensium et Malgerium comitem Curbuliensem, aliosque duos" as the sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" and Gunnora[119]. No reference has been found to the name of this son.
- 6. EMMA ([985]-Winchester 14 Mar 1052, bur Winchester Cathedral). Guillaume de Poitou names “genitrix Emma filia Ricardi primi, genitor Ædelredus rex Anglorum” as parents of “Edwardus ac Alveradus”[120]. Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Emma married “Edelredo regi Anglorum” by whom she was mother of “rex Edwardum et Alvredum”[121]. The Chronicle of Alberic de Trois-Fontaines names "Emma Anglorum regina" as sister of "dux Normannie Richardus II"[122]. Emma was described by Henry of Huntingdon as "Emma Normanorum gemma"[123], although it is not known whether this was a particular indication of her beauty or mere hyperbole. She was known as ÆLFGIFU in England[124]. Her first husband sent her to her brother's court in Normandy in 1013 after the invasion of Svend King of Denmark[125]. She was living in Normandy in 1017 when King Æthelred's successor King Canute proposed marriage to her. Guillaume of Jumièges records that, after the death of “Edelredus rex”, “Emmam reginam” married “rex...Chunutus...Christiano more”, and names their children “Hardechunutum postmodum regem Danorum et filiam...Gunnildem quæ nupsit Henrico Romanorum Imperatori”[126]. Roger of Wendover records the marriage in Jul 1018 of "Cnuto" and "ducem Ricardum…Emmam sororem suam et regis Ethelredi relictam"[127]. After the death of her second husband, she continued to live at Winchester. After the election of her step-son as regent in early 1036, it was recognised that she would continue to live there to look after the interests of her son Harthacnut who had nominally succeeded his father as King of England and Denmark but was still absent in Denmark. It is likely that she encouraged her sons by her first husband, Edward and Alfred, to join her, Alfred being captured and murdered during the visit. After Harold was recognised as king of England in 1037, Queen Emma was expelled and took refuge at Bruges[128]. She commissioned the Encomium Emmæ Reginæ from a Flemish convent at Saint-Omer, maybe St Bertin's, designed to promote her son Harthacnut's claim to the English throne. Harthacnut joined her in Bruges in early 1040, and after the death of King Harold, they returned together to England. After the accession of Edward "the Confessor", her son by her first husband, Emma appears to have supported the rival claim of Magnus King of Norway[129]. Whatever the truth of this, King Edward did confiscate her property in 1043 according to the Anglo-Saxon Chronicle[130]. She seems to have spent the last years of her life in retirement in Winchester[131]. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle records the death of "Ælfgifu Emma, the mother of king Edward and of king Harthacnut" in 1052[132]. married firstly (betrothed 1000, 1002[133]%29 as his [second/third] wife, ÆTHELRED II King of England, son of EDGAR "the Peacable" King of England & his second wife Ælfthryth ([966]-London 23 Apr 1016, bur Old St Paul's Cathedral). married secondly (2 or 31 Jul 1017) CANUTE King of England, son of SVEND I "Tveskæg/Forkbeard" King of Denmark & his [second wife Sigrid of Poland] ([995]-Shaftesbury, Dorset 12 Nov 1035, bur Winchester Cathedral). King of Denmark 1018, King of Norway 1028.
- 7. HAVISE (-21 Feb 1034). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Havise married “Goiffredo Britannorum comiti” by whom she had “Alanum et Eudonem duces”[134]. A charter dated 1008 records that, after the death of "Gaufrido comite Britanniæ", "filii eius Alanus et Eudo cum matre eorum Hadeguisia" restored the abbey of Saint-Méen[135]. "…Aduise matre eorum comitum…" signed the charter dated to [1013/22] under which "Alanus et Egio Britannorum monarchi" founded the priory of Livré "in pago Redonensi"[136]. The Chronico Kemperlegiensi records the death "1034 IX Kal Mar" of "Haduisa comitissa Britanniæ, vidua Gauffridi"[137]. married (996) GEOFFROY I Duke of Brittany, son of CONAN I "le Tort" Duke of Brittany & his wife Ermengarde d'Anjou ([980]-20 Nov 1008).
- 8. MATHILDE (-[1005]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “Emma...secunda Hadvis...tertia Mathildis” as the three daughters of Richard and his wife “Gunnor ex nobilissima Danorum prosapia ortam”, adding that Mathilde married “Odoni comiti” by whom she was childless, a later passage stating that her dowry was “medietatem Dorcasini castri”[138]. The same source recounts that this provided the basis for the dispute between Comte Eudes and Duke Richard which escalated into the construction of the château de Tillières (“castrum Tegulense”) {Verneuil, Eure} and Eudes's defeat while attempting to capture it. married ([1003/04]%29 as his first wife, EUDES [II] Comte de Blois, son of EUDES [I] Comte de Blois & his wife Berthe de Bourgogne [Welf] ([982/83]-15 Nov 1037).
Richard had five illegitimate children by unknown mistresses:
- 9. GEOFFREY [Godfroy] de Brionne ([953]-[1015]). Guillaume of Jumièges names “unus Godefridus, alter...Willelmus” as the two sons of Richard “ex concubinis”, adding that Geoffroy was “comes...Aucensis”[139]. Robert of Torigny names "unus Godefridus alter…Willermus" as sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" by concubines[140]. He is named son of duke "Richard the elder" by Orderic Vitalis, who specifies that his father gave Brionne "with the whole county" to him[141]. Comte d'Eu after 996.
- 10. GUILLAUME (978-1057). According to Dudo of Saint-Quentin[142], he was an illegitimate son of Richard I by a mistress other than Gunnora. Guillaume of Jumièges names “unus Godefridus, alter...Willelmus” as the two sons of Richard “ex concubinis”[143]. Robert of Torigny names "unus Godefridus alter…Willermus" as sons of "Ricardi primi ducis Normanniæ" by concubines, recording that Guillaume was first "comes…Aucensis" and after the death of his brother became "comes Brionnensis"[144]. An agreement between the abbots of Jumièges and Bougeuil concerning an exchange of land in Poitou, by charter dated [13 Apr/4 Apr] 1012, is subscribed by "Richardus…filius Ricardi principi magni…Robertus archiepiscopus…ecclesie Rotomagensis et Vuillelmus et Malgerus fratres Richardi comitis…"[145]. Comte d'Hiémois. Comte d'Eu.
- 11. ROBERT (-after [1015]). Comte d'Avranches. His parentage is established by André de Fleury´s Vita Gauzlini which records that “Rotbertus Abricatinensium comes” held “de sui jure patrimonii ecclesiam sancti Hylarii”, that after his death it was held by “eius filius Richardus” who was banished “a proprio avunculo Richardo” [Richard II Duke of Normandy][146].
- 12. BEATRIX (-18 Jan 1035). Guillaume of Jumièges records that Richard had two daughters “ex concubinis”, but does not name them[147]. The Chronicon Gaufredi Vosiensis records that "sorore Richardi Normannorum Ducis" was the wife of "Archambaldus Chamba-Putrida" and mother of "Ebolum"[148], but this is difficult to sustain chronologically. The Miracles of Sainte-Foy attribute a miracle to "Lady Beatrice his [Lord Ebalus] wife…soon to lose him through divorce" involving her freeing pilgrims from captivity near Turenne[149]. The primary source which confirms her parentage and marriage more precisely has not yet been identified. She returned to Normandy after her divorce and was appointed Abbess of Montivilliers [1035][150]. married (before 1001, divorced) as his first wife, EBLES Vicomte de Turenne, son of ARCHAMBAUD "Jambe-Pourrie" Vicomte de Comborn & his wife Sulpicie de Turenne (-after [1021]).
- 13. Daughter . Guillaume of Jumièges records that Richard had two daughters “ex concubinis”, but does not name them[151]. same person as…? [PAPIA ). Robert de Torigny names "Papiam uxorem Walteri [error for Gilberti?] de Sanct Walerico et Aeliz uxorem Ranulfi Vicecomitis de Baioeis" as the two daughters of Duke Richard III (see below)[152]. In the case of Papia, it is clearly chronologically impossible for her to have been Duke Richard III´s daughter assuming that it is correct, as asserted by Orderic Vitalis[153], that her grandson, Richard de Heugleville, helped Guillaume II Duke of Normandy in the 1054 rebellion when he was already old enough for Geoffroy de Neufmarché to be his son-in-law. Orderic Vitalis records that “Gulbertus cognomento advocatus de Sancto Gualerico” married “filiam Ricardi ducis”[154]. It is not clear from this text to which duke Richard he refers, but in a later passage the same source confirms her name Papia daughter of "Ricardi iunioris ducis Normannorum" (which does suggest that he too is referring to Duke Richard III)[155]. Neither of the passages in Orderic Vitalis names Papia's mother. It is tempting to imagine that she was the second wife of Duke Richard II of the same name. However, it is also chronologically inconsistent with the 1054 references to Papia's grandson for Papia to have been the daughter of Duke Richard II. Assuming that all this speculation is correct, Papia must have been born in the early years of the 11th century and therefore, if she was the daughter of any Duke Richard, her father must have been Duke Richard I. married GILBERT Advocate of Saint Valéry, son of ---.]
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Richard épouse Emma, fille d'Hugues le Grand et sœur d'Hugues Capet, en 960. Ils n'ont pas d'enfants. C'est de Gunnor, épousée more danico que Richard a une descendance :
* Richard II, son successeur ;
* Robert, comte d'Évreux et archevêque de Rouen ;
* Mauger, comte de Corbeil ;
* Emma, future reine des Anglo-Saxons (par son premier mariage avec Ethelred II), puis des Danois (par ses secondes noces avec Knut II) ;
* Havoise, épouse de Geoffroy, comte de Rennes ;
* Mathilde († 1004), épouse d'Eudes II de Blois, comte de Blois.
Il est probable que le duc Richard eut d'autres concubines, des « frilla » (concubine à la manière danoise), et de nombreux bâtards dont :
* Godefroi de Brionne († 1015), comte d'Eu et de Brionne (cf. famille De Clare) ;
* Guillaume de Brionne († 1058), comte d'Hiémois, qui succèdera à son neveu Gilbert de Brionne († 1040), à Eu.
* Robert, comte de l'Avranchin (ou comte de Mortain)
* Papie
* Béatrice
Les nombreux descendants du duc Richard et de son fils aîné sont appelés les Richardides.
Richard was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, le Danois (Danus) died 1037.*
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
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Robert Danus = Robert Archbishop of Rouen:
Robert le Danois fut archevêque de Rouen (989-1037) et comte d'Évreux (996-1037) au temps des premiers ducs de Normandie.
Fils du duc Richard Ier de Normandie et de Gunnor, il fait donc partie de ce puissant groupe aristocratique appelé les Richardides. Son père lui confie très jeune l'archevêché de Rouen, principal siège ecclésiastique du duché de Normandie. L'historiographe Guillaume de Jumièges rapporte que les clercs se sont opposés à cette décision tant que le duc refusait de se marier chrétiennement avec sa frilla Gunnor. Selon le voeu du clergé, Richard Ier de Normandie épousa finalement Gunnor et leur fils Robert put devenir archevêque.
Quelques années plus tard, peut-être juste après la mort de son père en 996, Robert reçoit la charge du comté d'Évreux. Cette double fonction – archevêque de Rouen et comte – fait de lui le plus puissant personnage de Normandie après le duc. De surcroît, le nouveau duc, Richard II (996-1026), est son frère.
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Sources
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy
Richard I "the Fearless" of Normandy (3° D. Normandy)
Born: 28 Aug 933, Fecamp, Normandy, France
Acceded: 942
Died: 20 Nov 996, Fecamp, Normandy
Buried: Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France
Notes: The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942.
Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma.
Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.
Father: William I "Longsword" of Normandy (2º Duke of Normandy)
Mother: Adele (Sprota) of Bretagne
Married 1: Emma (Agnes) CAPET of France 960/962, France
Associated with: Gunnora De CREPON (D. of Normandy)
Children:
1. Richard II "the Good" of Normandy (4º D. Normandy)
2. Robert of Normandy (Archbishop 1º Count d' Evreux)
3. Maud of Normandy (Countess of Blois)
4. Beatrice of Normandy Viscountess
5. Emma of Normandy (Queen of England)
6. Geoffrey De BRIONNE (1º Count of Brionne)
7. Mauger De Mortain (Comte De Corbeil)
8. William HIESMES (1º Count of Eu)
9. Hawise of Normandy (Duchess of Brittany)
Associated with:?
Children:
10. Hawise of Normandy
Associated with: Papia d'Envermeu
Children:
11. Papia of Normandy
Associated with: ?
Children:
12. William of Normandy (b. 980 - d. 1015)
13. Sprota of Normandy
Associated with:
Children:
14. Muriella of Normandy
15. Fredesende of Normandy (b. 995 - d. 1057)
Richard I or the fearless as he became known, married a French princess but maintained a mistress on the side. She was known as Gunnor. Gunnor bore all of Richard's children. Gunnor was from an important Danish family and eventually married him on the princess's death. This meeting with Gunnor is steeped in French folklore. When Richard was out hunting, he stayed on the property of one of his subjects. It was normal in that period for the husband to offer his wife for the lords comfort. His quick thinking wife introduced her sister Gunnor to Richard. They immediately fell in love and were soon meeting on a regular basis. From this liaison came all Richard's children. How many children there were is uncertain but at least four are known.
3rd Duke of Normandy, b. 933 Fecamp, France, (age 10 when father died), d. 20 November 966.
Titles: comes Rothomagensium, and from 966 Marquis des Normands/marchio Normannorum
Notes: The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.
---------------------------
Depictions in Fiction
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.
Sources
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy
-----------------------------
Also called Richard I "le Veil".4 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen also went by the name of Richard "the Fearless". He was related to Geoffroi, comte d' Eu et de Brionne; the natural son of Richard I of Normandy.5,6 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen was related to Guillaume, comte d'Yesmes & d'Eu; natural son of Richard I of Normandy.7 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen was born in 933 at Fécamp, Normandy, France.2,8 He was the son of Guillaume "Longue-Épée", Princeps Nortmannorum and "Sprota".2,3 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen was still a boy at the death of his father in 942.1 Count of Rouen at Normandy, France, between 942 and 996.2,9 He was named his father's heir, as Count of Rouen (rather than the more typically ascribed Duke of Normandy) on 29 May 942. He married Emma de France, daughter of Hugues "le Grand", duc de France and Hedwige, Herzogin von Franzien, in 960; His 1st. s.p.10,2,8,1 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen associated with Gunnor de Crepon, daughter of Herbastus de Crepon Sr., before 961; Richard's "Danish wife." His 1st. Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen married Gunnor de Crepon, daughter of Herbastus de Crepon Sr., after 968; Richard and Gunnor had a Christian marriage and legitimized their children. Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen associated with N. N. , a mistress of Richard I of Normandy.11 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen and Æthelred II "the Unready", King of the English came to terms, at the urging of Pope John XV, on 1 March 991 at Rouen, Normandy. The rulers set out the peace between them in these terms: that if either of them, or their people, were to commit a crime against the other, it should be atoned for with fitting compensation, that the peace should remain between them forever unshaken, and that neither was to receive the enemies of the other.
Annals of Monte Fernando 996: "Ob. Ricardus primus dux Normannie, cui successit Ricardus filius ejus."12 Richard I "Sans Peur", Leader of the Normans of Rouen died on 21 November 996 at Fécamp, Normandy, France, at age 63 years.1
Family 1
Emma de France b. after 938, d. 19 March 968
Family 2
Gunnor de Crepon b. 936, d. 1031
Children
* Emma Regina+ b. c 962, d. 6 Mar 105213,14,15,16
* Richard II "le Bon", duc de Normandie+ b. 962, d. 28 Aug 10262
* Mathilde de Normandie b. s 964, d. b 10051
* Robert, archevêque de Rouen et comte d' Évereux+ b. c 965, d. 10371
* Hawise de Normandie+ b. c 976, d. 21 Feb 103417,4
Family 3
N. N. , a mistress of Richard I of Normandy b. circa 961
Children
* Beatrix de Normandie+ b. c 970, d. 18 Jan 10351
* Guillaume, comte d'Yesmes & d'Eu+ b. c 977, d. 26 Jan 10587,1
* Geoffroi, comte d' Eu et de Brionne+ b. c 9805,1,18
Family 4
Child
* Papia de Normandie+ b. b 99619
Citations
1. [S1043] Henry Project, online http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm, Richard I "Sans Peur".
2. [S482] Norman Davies, Davies, N., p. 1106.
3. [S1043] Henry Project, online http://sbaldw.home.mindspring.com/hproject/henry.htm, Guillaume "Longue Épée" of Normandy.
4. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., III:46.
5. [S603] C.B., LL.D., Ulster King of Arms Sir Bernard Burke, B:xP, pg. 118.
6. [S693] TH.D. Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: MC 5th ed., 157-1.
7. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., VIII:124.
8. [S735] Peter Townend, B:P, 103rd, pg. xciii.
9. [S872] Heratlas, online http://www.multimania.com/heratlas/index.htm, Généalogie des ducs de Normandie (911-1204).
10. [S269] C. W. Previté-Orton sCMH I, pg. 358, genealogy table 10, the House of Robert the Strong..
11. [S204] Roderick W. Stuart, RfC, 296-33.
12. [S1105] Margaret Lantry, AMF, MF996.1.
13. [S484] Peter Townend, B:P, 105th, pg. l.
14. [S1075] Translated and edited by Michael Swanton, ASC+, pg. 288.
15. [S269] C. W. Previté-Orton sCMH I, pg. 382.
16. [S1278] K.S.B. Keats-Rohan, Domesday Descendants, pg. 1098.
17. [S206] With additions and corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. and assisted by David Faris Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: AR 7th ed., Line 39.22.
18. [S1345] Anselme de Sainte-Marie (augustin déchaussé), Pere Anselme's Histoire, 3rd Ed., II:480.
19. [S206] With additions and corrections by Walter Lee Sheppard, Jr. and assisted by David Faris Frederick Lewis Weis, Weis: AR 7th ed., 177-3.
Rikard I av Normandie (ca 935 – 20. november 996) var hertug av Normandie fra 942 til 996. Historikerne betrakter enten Rikard som den første som hadde tittelen hertug, eller hans sønn, noe som avløste den eldre tittelen jarl. Han ble kalt for «Rikard den fryktesløse», fransk Sans Peur.
Innhold [skjul]
1 Fødsel
2 Liv
3 Ekteskap
4 Elskerinner
5 Død
6 Referanse
7 Litteratur
[rediger] Fødsel
Rikard var sønn av Vilhelm I av Normandie, jarl av Normandie, og Sprota av Senlis. Han var født en gang mellom 932 og 935 og var fortsatt en ung gutt da hans far døde i 942. Hans mor var en medhustru fra Bretagne som ble tatt i krig og knyttet til Vilhelm i et såkalt «dansk ekteskap».[1] Etter Vilhelms død ble Sprota gift med Esperleng, en rik møller.
[rediger] Liv
Ved å være gutt ved farens død var Rikard maktesløs i å hindre kong Ludvig IV av Frankrike da denne anekterte Normandie. Franskekongen holdt Rikard i fangenskap i hele hans ungdom ved Lâon, men han klarte å rømme ved hjelp av Osmund de Centerville, Bernard de Senlis (som hadde vært en ridder hos Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, og Bernard «Dansken» (slektninger av familiene Harcourt og Beaumont). I 968 knyttet Rikard forbinelser til Hugo, greve av Paris, og deretter allierte han seg med ulike normanniske og norrøne høvdinger, maktet å drive kong Ludvig ut av Rouen og gjenerobret Normandie innen 947. Senere kom han i strid med Ethelred II den rådville av England angående vikingenes herjinger og rovtokter i England ettersom Normandie drev på med å kjøpte mye av tyvgodset.
Rikard hadde øyensynlig ingen sentimentale følelser overfor sine norrøne forfedre og var langt mer partisk mot de norrøne og danske undersåttene sine enn de franske. Antagelig så han på med forakt på de norrøne hedingene som ikke snakket fransk som han selv, til tross for at han var flerspråklig etter å ha vært utdannet ved Bayeux. I løpet av hans tid som hertug over Normandie ble landet fullstendig gjort fransk og kristnet. Hans far kan ha introduserte føydalsystemet, men det var Rikard som tvang det igjennom og Normandie ble ett av de mest gjennomregulerte føydale samfunn i Europa. Rikard reorganiserte totalt det normanniske militærsystemet og basert det på tungt kavaleri. Han ble også fosterfar til unge Hugo, grev av Paris ved den eldre Hugos død i 956.
Den viktoriansk ungdomsromanen The Little Duke (Den lille hertug) av Charlotte Mary Yonge er en fiktiv beskrivelse av Rikards ungdomstid og tidlige stridigheter.
[rediger] Ekteskap
Rikard giftet seg første gang med Emma av Paris, datteren av Hugo den store, hertug av frankerne og greve av Paris. De ble trolovet mens de begge var svært unge. Hun døde i 966 uten å ha fått barn.
I henhold til Robert av Torigni var Rikard ute på jakt ikke lenge etter Emmas død. Han tok en pause ved huset til en lokal forstmann. Han ble amorøst interessert i forstmanns hustru Seinfreda, men hun var dydig kvinne og forslo at han heller burde by opp hennes ugifte søster, Gunnor eller Gunnora de Crepon. Gunnora ble hans elskerinne, og hennes familie, som var dansk opprinnelse, fikk økt prestisje. Rikard giftet seg til slutt med Gunnora for å legitimere deres barn. Hennes bror Herefast de Crepon kan ha vært involvert i en kontroversiell rettssak angående kjetteri i forbindelse med katarenes tro.
Hans barn med Gunnora var:
Richard II, hertug av Normandie, også kalt for «Rikard den gode»
Robert, erkebiskop av Rouen, greve av Evreux, død 1037.
Mauger, jarl av Corbeil, død etter 1033.
Robert Danus, død mellom 985 og 989.
Emma av Normandie, død 1052, dronning av England to ganger.
Hawise av Normandie, hustru til Geoffrey I, hertug av Bretagne.
Maud av Normandie, hustru til Odo II av Blois, greve av Blois, Champagne og Chartres.
[rediger] Elskerinner
Rikard var også kjent for å ha tatt til seg friller og fikk barn med mange av dem.
Kjente barn:
Geoffrey, greve av Brionne, (født ca. 970)
Hawise (født ca. 978), død 21. februar 1034, gift med Geoffrey av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, (ca. 997), sønn av Conan I av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, «le Tort», og Ermengarde av Anjou.
William d'Eu, greve av Eu, (født ca. 985).
[rediger] Død
Rihcard døde i Fecamp i Frankrige den 20. november 996 av naturlige årsaker.
[rediger] Referanse
^ Dansk ekteskap betegner et ekteskap inngått uten samtykke fra adel/riksforsamling eller lignende, og som dermed ikke gir etterkommere med arverett til tronen. Se Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession
[rediger] Litteratur
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy
Rikard I av Normandie (ca 935 – 20. november 996) var hertug av Normandie fra 942 til 996. Historikerne betrakter enten Rikard som den første som hadde tittelen hertug, eller hans sønn, noe som avløste den eldre tittelen jarl. Han ble kalt for «Rikard den fryktesløse», fransk Sans Peur.
Innhold [skjul]
1 Fødsel
2 Liv
3 Ekteskap
4 Elskerinner
5 Død
6 Referanse
7 Litteratur
[rediger] Fødsel
Rikard var sønn av Vilhelm I av Normandie, jarl av Normandie, og Sprota av Senlis. Han var født en gang mellom 932 og 935 og var fortsatt en ung gutt da hans far døde i 942. Hans mor var en medhustru fra Bretagne som ble tatt i krig og knyttet til Vilhelm i et såkalt «dansk ekteskap».[1] Etter Vilhelms død ble Sprota gift med Esperleng, en rik møller.
[rediger] Liv
Ved å være gutt ved farens død var Rikard maktesløs i å hindre kong Ludvig IV av Frankrike da denne anekterte Normandie. Franskekongen holdt Rikard i fangenskap i hele hans ungdom ved Lâon, men han klarte å rømme ved hjelp av Osmund de Centerville, Bernard de Senlis (som hadde vært en ridder hos Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, og Bernard «Dansken» (slektninger av familiene Harcourt og Beaumont). I 968 knyttet Rikard forbinelser til Hugo, greve av Paris, og deretter allierte han seg med ulike normanniske og norrøne høvdinger, maktet å drive kong Ludvig ut av Rouen og gjenerobret Normandie innen 947. Senere kom han i strid med Ethelred II den rådville av England angående vikingenes herjinger og rovtokter i England ettersom Normandie drev på med å kjøpte mye av tyvgodset.
Rikard hadde øyensynlig ingen sentimentale følelser overfor sine norrøne forfedre og var langt mer partisk mot de norrøne og danske undersåttene sine enn de franske. Antagelig så han på med forakt på de norrøne hedingene som ikke snakket fransk som han selv, til tross for at han var flerspråklig etter å ha vært utdannet ved Bayeux. I løpet av hans tid som hertug over Normandie ble landet fullstendig gjort fransk og kristnet. Hans far kan ha introduserte føydalsystemet, men det var Rikard som tvang det igjennom og Normandie ble ett av de mest gjennomregulerte føydale samfunn i Europa. Rikard reorganiserte totalt det normanniske militærsystemet og basert det på tungt kavaleri. Han ble også fosterfar til unge Hugo, grev av Paris ved den eldre Hugos død i 956.
Den viktoriansk ungdomsromanen The Little Duke (Den lille hertug) av Charlotte Mary Yonge er en fiktiv beskrivelse av Rikards ungdomstid og tidlige stridigheter.
[rediger] Ekteskap
Rikard giftet seg første gang med Emma av Paris, datteren av Hugo den store, hertug av frankerne og greve av Paris. De ble trolovet mens de begge var svært unge. Hun døde i 966 uten å ha fått barn.
I henhold til Robert av Torigni var Rikard ute på jakt ikke lenge etter Emmas død. Han tok en pause ved huset til en lokal forstmann. Han ble amorøst interessert i forstmanns hustru Seinfreda, men hun var dydig kvinne og forslo at han heller burde by opp hennes ugifte søster, Gunnor eller Gunnora de Crepon. Gunnora ble hans elskerinne, og hennes familie, som var dansk opprinnelse, fikk økt prestisje. Rikard giftet seg til slutt med Gunnora for å legitimere deres barn. Hennes bror Herefast de Crepon kan ha vært involvert i en kontroversiell rettssak angående kjetteri i forbindelse med katarenes tro.
Hans barn med Gunnora var:
Richard II, hertug av Normandie, også kalt for «Rikard den gode»
Robert, erkebiskop av Rouen, greve av Evreux, død 1037.
Mauger, jarl av Corbeil, død etter 1033.
Robert Danus, død mellom 985 og 989.
Emma av Normandie, død 1052, dronning av England to ganger.
Hawise av Normandie, hustru til Geoffrey I, hertug av Bretagne.
Maud av Normandie, hustru til Odo II av Blois, greve av Blois, Champagne og Chartres.
[rediger] Elskerinner
Rikard var også kjent for å ha tatt til seg friller og fikk barn med mange av dem.
Kjente barn:
Geoffrey, greve av Brionne, (født ca. 970)
Hawise (født ca. 978), død 21. februar 1034, gift med Geoffrey av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, (ca. 997), sønn av Conan I av Bretagne, hertug av Bretagne, «le Tort», og Ermengarde av Anjou.
William d'Eu, greve av Eu, (født ca. 985).
[rediger] Død
Rihcard døde i Fecamp i Frankrige den 20. november 996 av naturlige årsaker.
[rediger] Referanse
^ Dansk ekteskap betegner et ekteskap inngått uten samtykke fra adel/riksforsamling eller lignende, og som dermed ikke gir etterkommere med arverett til tronen. Se Conditional Consent, Dynastic Rights and the Danish Law of Succession
[rediger] Litteratur
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy
Forgjenger:
Vilhelm I Hertug av Normandie
(942–996) Etterfølger:
Rikard II
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy
Richard I "The Fearless" of Normandy 3rd Duke of Normandy (933-996) [Pedigree]
Son of William_I "Longsword" 2nd Duke of Normandy (893-943) and Sprote de Bretagne (911-)
b. 28 Aug 933
b. ABT 933, Fecamp, France
r. Normandy, France
r. Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France
d. 20 Nov 996, Fecamp, France
Married first Papia
Children:
1. Fredesende of Normandy m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041)
2. Muriella of Normandy (-1020) m. Tancred Seigneur de Hauteville le Guiscard (-1041)
Married second Unknown Mistress
Children:
1. Papia m. Gulbert de St. Valerie
Married third Emma of Burgundy (943-0968)
Married fourth Gunnora of Denmark (936-1031)
Children:
1. Richard II "the Good" of Normandy 4th Duke of Normandy (958-1026) m(1) Pope (Papie) (997-)
2. Hawise of Normandy (-1034) m(2) Geoffrey of_Brittany Duke of Brittany (980-1008)
3. Robert d' EVEREUX Archbishop of Rouen Count of Evereux (964-1037) m. Herleva
4. Godfrey de BRUINE Count of Eu and Brionne (953-1015) m. Hawise
5. Emma of Normandy Princess of Normandy (985-1052) m(1) Ethelred II "the Unready" King of England (-1016)
6. Mathilda of Normandy (-1017) m(1) Eudes II of Blois Count of Blois and Champagne (-1037)
7. Beatrix of Normandy (-1035)
8. William of Eu Count of Eu, Exmia (-1057) m. Lescelin de Turquerville (-1057)
9. Mauger of Normandy Count of Corbeil
Nickname: Sanspeur "The Fearless."
______________________________________
http://www.geneajourney.com/nrmndy.html
William I of Normandy [b], Duke of Normandy, "Long Sword", b abt 891, of Normandy, d 17 Dec 942, Normandy. He md [1] Sprota abt 922, [2] Luitgarde de Vermandois abt 935.
Child of William I of Normandy and Sprota was:
Richard I of Normandy, Duke of Normandy, "Sans Peur/the Fearless", b 28 Aug 933, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy, d 20 Nov 996, Seine-Inferieure, Normandy. He md Gunnora aft 968, Normandy. She was b abt 952, d 1031, Normandy. He also had children with one, or more,Unknown Mistresses.
Children of Richard I of Normandy and Gunnora were:
• Richard II of Normandy, Duke of Normandy, b abt 962. See LINE A
• Robert d'Evreux b abt 965. See LINE B
• Mauger of Normandy b abt 968. See LINE C
• Emma of Normandy b abt 974, Normandy, France. She md Aethelred II, King of England, abt 990, son of Edgar, King of England, and Elfrida.
Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:
• Hawise b abt 978, d 21 Feb 1034. She md Geoffrey of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, abt 997, son of Conan I of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, "le Tort", and Ermengarde of Anjou.
Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:
• Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, b abt 970. See LINE D
Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:
• William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, b abt 985.
Child of Richard I of Normandy and Unknown Mistress was:
• (poss) Fredesende of Normandy [c] b abt 994, of Normandy. She md Tancred of Hauteville abt 1012.
Familj med Gunnor av Danmark (- 1031)
Barn:
Rickard II av Normandie (- 1026)
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Källor
1) Directory of Royal Genealogical Data, Hull, England
Född: 28 Aug 933
Fecamp, S-Infr, Normandy, France
Gift: 956
, , , France
Död: 20 Nov 996
, Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France
Family:
1 Gonnor DE Crepon, Duchess/Normandy
Children:
• Richard II Duke of Normandy, [The Good]
• Robert de Normandy
• Robert Archbishop of Rouen
• Mauger Count of MORTAIN
• Mr DE Normandy
• Mahaud Countess of Blois
• Havoise Duchess of Bretagne
• Beatrix Viscountess of Turenne
• Emma Queen of England
Family:
2 First Concubine
Children:
• Geoffrey Count of Eu, [Count/Brionne]
Family:
3 Emma Princess of France
Children:
• Emma (Eadburh)
Family:
4 Unknown, [Concubine 2]
Children:
• Guillaume "The Bastard" HIEME
Family:
5 Unknown, [Concubine 3]
Children:
• Miss DE Normandy
Family:
6 Unknown, [Concubine 4]
Richard I, Duke of Normandy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
Depictions in Fiction
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.
Genealogy
Diagram based on the information found on Wikipedia
Sources
McKitterick, Rosamund. The Frankish Kingdoms under the Carolingians 751-987, 1993.
Searle, Eleanor. Predatory Kinship and the Creation of Norman Power, 840-1066, 1998.
The Henry Project: Richard I of Normandy
Genealogy of the Dukes of Normandy
Acceded: 942
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy
Richard I, Duke of Normandy
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Richard I of Normandy)
Richard the Fearless as part of the Six Dukes of Normandy statue in the town square of Falaise.
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur)
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
[edit] Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
[edit] Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and Sprota of Senlis. He was born probably between 932 and 935; he was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller.
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmund de Centeville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Norse and Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
He married 1st (960) Emma of Paris, daughter of Hugh the Great, Duke of the Franks and Count of Paris. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died after 966, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor de Crepon, instead. Gunnor became his bride, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimate their children:
Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
Hawise of Normandy, wife of Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
Richard was known to have had several mistresses and produced childen with many of them. Known children are:
Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
Hawise (b. ca. 978), d. 21 Feb 1034. m. Geoffrey of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, (ca. 997), son of Conan I of Brittany, Duke of Brittany, "le Tort", and Ermengarde of Anjou.
William d'Eu, Count d'Eu, (b. ca. 985).
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of Hugh, who was -in all but name- King of France. His son, Hugh Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy. Richard I, "the Fearless"; named father's heir 29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnora but betrothed ca. 945 and eventually married 960 to Emma. Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnora. Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she pined away and died about the year 962. After Emma's death he married (Christian marriage) Gunnora to legitimize their children.
Richard the Fearless
as part of the Six Dukes of Normandy statue in the town square of Falaise.Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma of France, daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
Depictions in Fiction
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.
He was also called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
--------------------------------------
Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie ▼1
M, #102172, b. 28 August 933, d. 20 November 996
Last Edited=25 Mar 2006
Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie was born on 28 August 933 at Fecamp, Normandy, France. ▼3 He was the son of Guillaume I 'Longsword', 2nd Duc de Normandie and Sprota (?). ▼1, ▼2
He married, firstly, Emma de Paris, daughter of Hugues of Neustria, Comte de Paris and Hedwig von Sachsen, in 960. ▼2
He married, secondly, Gonnor de Crepon, daughter of unknown de Crepon, in 962. ▼3
He died on 20 November 996 at age 63 at Fecamp, Normandy, France. ▼2
Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie also went by the nick-name of Richard 'the Fearless'. ▼1 He succeeded to the title of 3rd Duc de Normandie on 17 December 942. ▼1
Children of Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie
-1. William de Hiesmes, Comte de Hiesmes et d'Eu+ d. 2 Jan2
-2. Godfrey, Comte de Brionne+ b. c 953, d. c 1015 (2)
Children of Richard I, 3rd Duc de Normandie and Gunnor de Crêpon
-1. Mauger de Normandie, Comte de Corbeil+
-2. Matilda de Normandie d. c 1017
-3. Beatrix de Normandie
-4. Hedwig de Normandie+ d. 21 Feb 10342
-5. Robert d'Evreux, Comte d'Evreux+ d. 10372
-6. Richard II, 4th Duc de Normandie+ b. c 963, d. 28 Aug 1027 (1)
-7. Emma de Normandie+ b. bt 985 - 987, d. 14 Mar 1052
Forrás:
http://www.thepeerage.com/p10218.htm#i102172
RICHARD II ~
Richard ruled 996 CE to 1026 CE.
NOBLES AND NOBILITY:
Nobles were the ruling class in the Middle Ages and the quality of nobility rationalized their rule. In economic terms, the power of the nobles rested in their control of the land and their capacity to exploit the labor of the overwhelming majority of the population: the free peasantry and the quasi-slaves, the SERES. In ideological terms, nobles claimed the right to rule based on their "high birth", that is, their innate qualities inherited from a family line of nobles. Nobles were supposed to enact great deeds and perform service for their superiors. The power of the nobles declined with the rise of the urban merchant class. Mercantile wealth replaced landed wealth as the source of political power in Europe.
Medieval European nobility emerged in the early Middle Ages with the fall of the western Roman Empire. The leaders of the Germanic tribes that conquered the former provinces of the empire seized the estates of the Roman noble class. A new, mixed class of landed elites was produced by the intermarriage of the Germanic elite with the noble Roman families. This elite class supported the new kingdoms and supplied the expanding Church with bishops and abbots. A higher class of nobility was formed when some nobles with strong ties to kings were given additional land and privileges. The noble class became central to the administration of the new kingdoms. Family lines were established that lasted for centuries and dominated the political and social life of Europe.
Beginning in the eleventh century, a number of noble families (who suffered a low birthrate and a notoriously high rate of infant mortality, and who sent many of their members to war) terminated when no son or daughter was produced who could inherit the family land. Inheritance laws also led to estates becoming smaller, making it more difficult to support a noble lifestyle, essential in maintaining respect.
Some families survived thes problems through gaining additional estates. This was done by merging with other families in marriage, gaining additonal land from the king, placing some children in church positions (thereby voiding their claim on family land), or by clearing new land or founding villages.
A new class of nobles emerged in the twelfth century when independent warriors were given the noble title of knights. Granting land to these warriors, who had terrified the European elite, provided some measure of control. However, the knights, while noble, usually only had enough land to support their families and family lines of knights were short as few children of knights rose to KNIGHTHOOD themselves.
In the late Middle Ages, the nobles suffered a decline in authority. Many entered the service of the monarchs in order to retain social status and power. But the loss of their land-based power signified the end of the era of nobles and the rule of nobility.
NORMANS:
Normans (also called Northmen or Norsemen) were Scandinavian Vikings who raided and then settled in northern France during the 900's. Although they abandoned piracy for Commerce and adopted the customs, religion, and language of the French, they did not give up their tasted for adventure, enrichment, and expansion.
EARLY EXPANSION:
Around 820, the Vikings had begun raiding the French coast and sailing up the Seine and other rivers to plunder the countryside. The raids ended in 911 when King Charles the Simple made a treaty the Viking chief Rollo. The treaty gave Rollo and his followers a large tract of land around Rouen, soon to be call Normandy, in exchange for the Norman's protection of France from other raiders and their conversion to Christianity. Rollo and his descendants, who became dukes of Normandy, gained considerable wealth from trade, rents collected from the Church, and raids on other regions. Significant Viking immigration until the mid-900's increased the population of the new Norman duchy.
During the reign of Duke Richard II (996-1026), social stability and intermarriage with the local population hastened Norman assimilation, while the Norman's acceptance of Christianity did much to spur the revival of the Church in Normandy. By the end of Richard's reign, the Normans had stopped speaking their original Scandinavian language in favor of the vernacular of the French inhabitants of the region.
DUKE WILLIAM:
From the end of Richard's reign to about 1050, Normandy was torn by feuds and political strife between rival factions of the Norman ruling class. After Duke William came to power, he pacified the duchy and increased its power in northern France, paving the way for his conquest of England.
Duke William (later known as William I The Conqueror), the illegitimate son of Robert I, was chosen as his father's successor after Robert died on a pilgrimage to the Holy Land, but for the next decade various members of the duke's family disregarded his claim as they struggled for power. In 1046-1047 William's cousin, Guy of Burgundy sought to seize control of the duchy with the help of several Norman lords, but William defeated them with the assistance of the French King, Henry I. William enlarged his domain by gaining control of Maine to the south and Brittany to the west, and successfully defended his duchy against invading forces sent by the count of Anjou and the French king. William's marriaage to Matilda, the daughter of the count of Flanders, strengthened his position in the east.
By the 1060s, William had unified Normandy and established his preeminence in northwestern France. When the half-Norman English king Edward the Confessor died childless in 1066, William was in a strong position to assert his claim to the throne. Edward who was William's cousin, had invited William to England in 1051 and, according to William, promised to make him his heir. When King Edward died and the English earl Harold of Wessex (later Harold II Godwinson) became king, an irate William invaded England in 1066.
On October 14, 1066, athe Battle of Hasings, William defeated Harold's army. Ten weeks later, on Christmas Day, the Archbishop of Canterbury crowned William king of England in Westminster Abbey. His coronation was the climax of the Norman Conquest, which changed forever the course of English history, culture, and language.
1 NAME Richard I "the Fearless" of /Normandy/
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 BIRT
2 DATE 28 AUG 933
1 BIRT
2 DATE 28 AUG 933
2 PLAC Fecamp, Normandy, France
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
1 DEAT
2 DATE 20 NOV 996
2 PLAC ,Fecamp, Seine-Inferieure, France
2 SOUR S033320
3 DATA
4 TEXT Date of Import: Jan 17, 2001
[De La Pole.FTW]
Sources: RC 24, 89, 166, 168, 222; Coe; AF; Kings and Queens of Britain;
Norr (pages 46, 60); The Dukes of Normandy by Onslow; Butler; Pfafman;
A. Roots 1-19, 39, 121E; Kraentzler 1153, 1156, 1174, 1176, 1180, 1194, 1211,
1218, 1265, 1432, 1443; Davis; Magna Charta Sureties 157-1.
Roots: Richard I, "the Fearless," b. Fecamp, ca. 933; named father's heir
29 May 942. Married first (Danish wife) Gunnor but betrothed ca. 945 and
eventually married 960 to Emma. After Emma's death he married (Christian
marriage) Gunnor to legitimize their children.
Sureties: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy.
Richard "sans Peur," Third Duke of Normandy, 942-996.
The line to the dukes of Normandy comes through Isabel St. Liz, and the line
to Charlemagne comes through her husband, William Mauduit. The lines merge
again with the marriage of Richard I, Duke of Normandy, and Emma, daughter of
Hugh "The Grand," who was--in all but name--King of France. His son, Hugh
Capet, later assumed the title, and primogeniture began in the French line of
kings.
The two lines met again later with the marriage of Adele, daughter of King
Robert II, and Richard III, Duke of Normandy.
Richard was betrothed to Emma for some time but did not marry her until
about 960, after the death of her father, Hugh the Great, in 956. Richard was
the guardian of Hugh's son, the Duke of Paris, and eventually married Emma to
strengthen his position. He did not treat her unkindly, he merely loved Gunnor.
"Poor Emma passed her life at Rouen alone and solitary, and eventually she
pined away and died about the year 962," Onslow says.
Davis: Richard I, the Fearless, Duke of Normandy from 942-996.
Norr: Richard I, the Fearless (san Peur), born about 933, 3rd duke. Married
(1) Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand and had issue. Married (2) Gunora, born
about 952, sister of a forester's wife whom Richard desired but who tricked him
with her younger sister.
*****
Richard I, "the Fearless" (sans Peur), 3rd Duke of Normandy (942/3-996), son of
William Longsword and Sprote de Bretagne.
SOURCES:
1. Stuart, Roderick W. _Royalty for Commoners_. 2nd Edition. Baltimore,
MD: Genealogical Publishing Company, Inc., 1992; line 166-33. Only says
that he was born about 933. Died 20 Nov 996 at Fecamp. Married after
962, (1) Emma (Agnes), daughter of Hugh le Grand, Count of Paris.
2. Taute, Anne. "Kings and Queens of Great Britain" chart. __ Edition.
Gives her date of death as 996.
3. Norr, Vernon M. _Some Early English Pedigrees_, page 60, generation 38.
Gives his death date as 996. This source states that he married (1)
Agnes, daughter of Hugh le Grand; had issue by and later married (2),
after Agnes' death, Gunora, born 952.
4. Ancestral File (AFN:9HMD-VF). Gives his birth date as 28 Aug 933. Death
date agrees with that given in Stuart.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I,_Duke_of_Normandy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I_of_Normandy
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_I,_Duke_of_Normandy
wikipedia
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title.
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
[edit] Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
[edit] Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
[edit] Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
[edit] Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
wikipedia
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title.
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
[edit] Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Viking invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the French. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
[edit] Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
* Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
* Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
* Geoffrey, Count of Eu, b. abt 962 died abt 1015. (Parentage [mother] not certain)
* Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033; his alleged grandson (or perhaps great-grandson) was Robert Fitzhamon, an important Anglo-Norman baron.
* Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
* Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
* Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
* Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
* Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
* Papia m. Gilbert de St Valery.
* Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057), m. Tancred of Hauteville.
* Muriella m. Tancred of Hauteville.
[edit] Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
* Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
* William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
[edit] Death
He died in Fecamp, France on November 20, 996 of natural causes.
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died 20 November 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "commend" himself to Hugh, Count of Paris. He then allied himself with the Norman and Viking leaders, drove Louis out of Rouen, and took back Normandy by 947. He later quarrelled with Ethelred II of England regarding Danish invasions of England because Normandy had been buying up much of the stolen booty.
Richard was bilingual, having been well educated at Bayeux. He was more partial to his Danish subjects than to the Franks. During his reign, Normandy became completely Gallicized and Christianized. He introduced the feudal system and Normandy became one of the most thoroughly feudalized states on the continent. He carried out a major reorganization of the Norman military system, based on heavy cavalry. He also became guardian of the young Hugh, Count of Paris, on the elder Hugh's death in 956.
Marriages
He married 1st (960) Emma (not to be confused with Emma of France), daughter of Hugh "The Great" of France, and Hedwiga de Sachsen. They were betrothed when both were very young. She died 19 Mar 968, with no issue.
According to Robert of Torigni, not long after Emma's death, Duke Richard went out hunting and stopped at the house of a local forester. He became enamoured of the forester's wife, Seinfreda, but she being a virtuous woman, suggested he court her unmarried sister, Gunnor, instead. Gunnor became his mistress, and her family rose to prominence. Her brother, Herefast de Crepon, may have been involved in a controversial heresy trial. Gunnor was, like Richard, of Norse descent, being a Dane by blood. Richard finally married her to legitimize their children:
Richard II "the Good", Duke of Normandy (966)
Robert, Archbishop of Rouen, Count of Evreux, died 1037.
Mauger, Earl of Corbeil, died after 1033
Robert Danus, died between 985 and 989
another son
Emma of Normandy (c.985-1052) wife of two kings of England.
Maud of Normandy, wife of Odo II of Blois, Count of Blois, Champagne and Chartres
Hawise of Normandy (b. ca. 978), d. 21 February 1034. m. Geoffrey I, Duke of Brittany
Mistresses
Richard was known to have had several other mistresses and produced children with many of them. Known children are:
Geoffrey, Count of Brionne, (b. ca. 970)
William, Count of Eu (ca. 972-26 January 1057/58) m. Leseline de Turqueville (d. 26 January 1057/58).
Beatrice of Normandy, Abbess of Montvilliers d.1034 m. Ebles of Turenne (d.1030 (divorced)
Robert
"Papia" m. Gilbert de St Valery (based on a claim his wife as a daughter of "Richard of Normandy" -- the only Richard who chronologically fits is Richard I. Name is not confirmed in any source. ref)
Possible other children
Long after his death, the De Hautevilles of Naples/Sicily claimed that their ancestor Tancred of Hauteville had married two daughters of Richard I, but this is not backed up by any primary or secondary source. If true, Richard would have had at least two more illegitimate children:
Fressenda (ca. 995-ca. 1057)
Muriella
Death
He died in Fecamp, France on 20 November 996 of natural causes.
Depictions in Fiction
The Little Duke, a Victorian Juvenile novel by Charlotte Mary Yonge is a fictionalized account of Richard's boyhood and early struggles.
Richard I of Normandy (born 28 August 933, in Fécamp Normandy, France died November 20, 996, in Fécamp) was the Duke of Normandy from 942 to 996; he is considered the first to actually have held that title. He was called Richard the Fearless (French, Sans Peur).
Contents [hide]
1 Birth
2 Life
3 Marriages
4 Mistresses
5 Death
6 Depictions in Fiction
7 Genealogy
8 Sources
[edit] Birth
He was born to William I of Normandy, ruler of Normandy, and his wife, Sprota. He was still a boy when his father died in 942. His mother was a Breton concubine captured in war and bound to William by a Danish marriage. After William died, Sprota became the wife of Esperleng, a wealthy miller; Rodulf of Ivry was their son and Richard's half-brother.[citation needed]
[edit] Life
Richard was still a boy when his father died, and so he was powerless to stop Louis IV of France when he seized Normandy. Louis kept him in confinement in his youth at Lâon, but he escaped with the assistance of Osmond de Centville, Bernard de Senlis (who had been a companion of Rollo of Normandy), Ivo de Bellèsme, and Bernard the Dane (ancestor of families of Harcourt and Beaumont). In 968, Richard agreed to "com
LINKS
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Richard the Fearless, Duke of Normandy's Timeline
| 933 |
August 28, 933
|
Fécamp, Normandie, France
|
|
|
August 28, 933
|
Fécamp, Normandie, France
|
||
| 942 |
942
- 996
Age 8
|
Normandie, France
|
|
| 953 |
953
|
Brionne, Haute-Normandie, France
|