Ivana Brlić Mažuranić

Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (Ogulin, 18. travnja 1874. - Zagreb, 21. rujna 1938.) hrvatska je književnica koja je priznata u Hrvatskoj i u svijetu kao jedna od najznačajnijih spisateljica za djecu.

Potječe iz poznate intelektualne građanske obitelji Mažuranića. Otac Vladimir Mažuranić bio je pisac, odvjetnik i povjesničar. Djed joj je bio slavni političar, hrvatski ban i pjesnik Ivan Mažuranić, a baka Aleksandra Mažuranić, sestra jezikoslovca Dimitrija Demetra. Školovala se privatno i stekla izvrsnu naobrazbu, između ostalog i u poznavanju stranih jezika, pa su joj i neki od prvih književnih pokušaja na francuskome. S obitelji se iz Ogulina prvo preselila u Karlovac, a potom u Jastrebarsko.

Kada se 1892. udala za odvjetnika i političara Vatroslava Brlića, Ivana seli u Brod na Savi (danas Slavonski Brod), gdje je živjela većinu života koji je posvetila svojoj obitelji, obrazovanju i književnom radu. Kao majka sedmero djece, imala je priliku upoznati se s dječjom psihom, i tako razumijeti čistoću i naivnost njihova svijeta. Odgojena u narodnome duhu, uz supruga Vatroslava uključuje se u javni život u krugovima prvaka narodnoga pokreta. Biskup Josip Juraj Strossmayer dodijelio joj je zlatnu medalju za protumađaronska nastojanja.

Stvaralaštvo

Kuća u kojoj je živjela i radila Ivana Brlić Mažuranić u Slavonskom Brodu.Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić počela je pisati poeziju, eseje i dnevnike vrlo rano, ali su joj prvi radovi objavljeni tek početkom dvadesetog stoljeća. Zbirku pripovjedaka i pjesama za djecu Valjani i nevaljani izdala je 1902. u vlastitoj nakladi. Priče i tekstovi poput serije obrazovnih članaka naslovljenih Škola i praznici objavljivani su redovito od 1903. nadalje. Pravu pozornost književne publike skreće 1913. romanom za djecu Čudnovate zgode i nezgode šegrta Hlapića. U ovoj napetoj priči siromašni šegrt Hlapić bježi od svoga gazde, a zgode na kraju prevladaju nezgode. Napisala je pjesničku zbirku Slike (1912.), pedagoški intoniranu Knjigu omladini (1923.), zapise o obiteljskome rodoslovlju (Obzor, 1933-34.), koje objedinjuje u trima knjigama (1934., 1935.), povijesno-pustolovni omladinski roman Jaša Dalmatin potkralj Gudžerata (1937.) te prevodila s njemačkoga i francuskoga.

Njenim krunskim djelom kritičari smatraju zbirku bajki Priče iz davnine, objavljenu 1916., djelo koje sadrži motive mitološke mudrosti običnoga svijeta, inspirirane slavenskom mitologijom. Ova knjiga kroz bajku ponovo vraća u život izgubljeni svijet pretkršćanskih vjerovanja Hrvata. Likovi poput Kosjenke i Regoča, Stribora, Jaglenca, Rutvice, Palunka, Vjesta, Potjeha, Malika Tintilinića, Svarožića i Bjesomara utjelovljenja su ljudskih moralnih osobina i osjećaja, kako vjernosti, ljubavi i dobrostivosti, tako i nestalnosti i slabosti. Želja za bogatstvom i čežnja za dalekim svjetovima kao simboli ljudske žudnje za istinom i znanjem često se pojavljuju u njenim pričama.

Akademija dva ju je puta (1931., 1938.)[1] predlagala za Nobelovu nagradu, primivši je 1937.[2] za svoga (dopisnoga) člana, kao prvu ženu kojoj je dodijeljena takva čast. Kritika je njezinu prozu držala jedinstvenom sintezom životnoga idealizma, naravnosti izraza i delikatnosti rijetkoga humora (A. G. Matoš) pa su je, premda je pisala za djecu, hvalili kolege (A. B. Šimić, D. Domjanić) i književni povjesničari (A. Barac). Školska knjiga, d.d. ustanovila je književnu nagradu Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić 1971. radi promicanja književnoga stvaralaštva za djecu i mladež.

Često nazivana hrvatskim Andersenom (radi njene virtuoznosti kao pripovjedača za djecu) i hrvatskim Tolkienom (radi posezanja u fantastični svijet mitologije), Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić svojom originalnošću i svježinom ravnopravno stoji rame uz rame s velikanima dječje književnosti. Djela su joj prevedena na sve važnije svjetske jezike.

Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić (18 April 1874 – 21 September 1938) was a Croatian writer. Within her native land, as well as internationally, she has been praised as the best Croatian writer for children.

Life She was born on April 18, 1874 in Ogulin, Croatia into a well known Croatian family of Mažuranić. Her father Vladimir Mažuranić was a writer, lawyer and historian who wrote Prinosi za hrvatski pravno-povjestni rječnik (Croatian dictionary for history and law) in 1882. Her grandfather was the famous politician, the Croatian ban and poet Ivan Mažuranić, while her grandmother Aleksandra Mažuranić was the sister of well known writer and one of keypersons of Croatian national revival movement, Dimitrija Demeter. Ivana was largely home-schooled. With the family she moved first to Karlovac, then to Jastrebarsko, and ultimately to Zagreb.

Upon marriage to Vatroslav Brlić, a politician and a prominent lawyer in 1892, she moved to Brod na Savi (today Slavonski Brod) where she entered another known family and lived there for most of her life. She devoted all her work to her family and education. As the mother of six, she had the ability to identify with the psyche of the child, to understand the purity and naïveté of their world. Her first literary creations were initially written in French.

[edit] Work Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić started writing poetry, diaries and essays rather early but her works were not published until the beginning of the 20th century. Her stories and articles like the series of educational articles under the name "School and Holidays" started to be published more regularly in the journals after the year 1903.

It was in 1913 when her book The Marvelous Adventures and Misadventures of Hlapić the Apprentice (also known as The Brave Adventures of Lapitch and Čudnovate zgode i nezgode šegrta Hlapića) was published that really caught the literary public's eye. In the story, the poor apprentice Hlapić searches for his master's daughter as his luck turns for the better.

Her book Croatian Tales of Long Ago (Priče iz davnine), published in 1916, is among the most popular today in large part because of its adaptation into a computerized interactive fiction product by Helena Bulaja in 2003/2006.[1]. In the book Mažuranić created a series of new fairy-tales, but using names and motifs from the Slavic mythology of Croats. It was this that earned her comparisons to Hans Christian Andersen and Tolkien who also wrote completely new stories but based in some elements of real mythology.[2]

Brlić-Mažuranić was nominated for the Nobel Prize in literature twice, in 1931 and in 1938. She was also the first woman accepted into what is today the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Arts in 1937. She died on September 21, 1938 in Zagreb.

[edit] List of works

Gravestone of Ivana Brlić-Mažuranić at the Mirogoj Cemetery in Zagreb1902 The Good and the Mischievous (Valjani i nevaljani) 1905 School and Holidays (Škola i praznici) 1912 Pictures (poetry) (Slike) 1913 The Brave Adventures of Lapitch (Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića) 1916 Croatian Tales of Long Ago (Priče iz davnine) 1923 A Book for Youth (Knjige o omladini) 1935 From the Archives of Family Brlić in Brod na Savi (Iz arhive obitelji Brlić u Brodu na Savi) 1937 Jaša Dalmatin Viceroy of the Gujarati (Jaša Dalmatin, potkralj Gudžarata) 1939 Gingerbread Heart (Srce od licitara) 1943 Fables and Fairy-tales (Basne i bajke)

Translations Her books of novels and fairy tales for children, originally intended to educate her own, have been translated into nearly all European languages. Highly regarded and valued by both national and foreign literary critics, she obtained the title of Croatian Andersen.

The Marvelous Adventures and Misadventures of Hlapić the Apprentice was translated, among other languages, into Bengali (by Dr. Probal Dashgupta), Hindi, Chinese (by Shi Cheng Tai), Vietnamese (a few chapters), Japanese (by Sekoguchi Ken) and Parsi (by Achtar Etemadi).[3] Most of the latter translations were made indirectly, through Esperantists. The book's most recent Esperanto translation is by Maja Tišljar,[4] and important part in translations of "Adventures of Hlapić" had Spomenka Štimec,[5] the most important Croatian writer that writes in Esperanto.[clarification needed]

[edit] Film In the 1990s, the Croatia Film company adapted Brlić-Mažuranić's work The Marvellous Adventures and Misadventures of Hlapić the Apprentice as a children's animated feature, Lapitch the Little Shoemaker.[6] Originally released in 1997, it became Croatia's most successful theatrical release,[7][8] and was its official submission to the 70th Academy Awards (in the Best Foreign Language Film category).[9]

Milan Blažeković, the director of Lapitch, has been developing another animated adaptation of her works since 2000, Tales of Long Ago (Priče iz davnine).[10][11]

In 2000, Helena Bulaja started an interactive animated project based on her book Croatian Tales of Long Ago. The project, which consists of eight animated interactive stories, cartoons and games, was published as two CD-ROMs and a series of book/DVD editions. It was created in Flash by eight independent international teams of animators, illustrators, musicians, programmers, actors etc. from all around the world (USA, France, UK, Germany, Russia, Australia, Croatia), whose work was coordinated on the Internet. The unique and innovative project and the animations won several awards at the most famous international festivals of new media and animation, including Flashforward San Francisco, Lucca Comics and Games multimedia award, International Family Film Festival in Hollywood and others.[12]. A series of innovative educational iPhone and iPad games based on the project are in development.[13]

References 1.^ [1] 2.^ Edward Picot. "Twice Told Tales" at The Hyperliterature Exchange. "During her own lifetime Mazuranic was known as "the Croatian Andersen". The Bulajas, in one of their notes on her work, make the counter-claim that she should be regarded as "the Croatian Tolkein" instead, and they present several pieces of evidence for this case.." 3.^ (Croatian) Kroatio gajnis jam 2 foje la premion 4.^ (Croatian) Vjesnik Hlapić govori bengalski, a Waitapu kineski, 22. studenoga 2006. 5.^ (Croatian) Spomenka Štimec 6.^ (Croatian) Vjesnik Scenarij za seriju o našem šegrtu Hlapiću rade Britanci, a crtaju ga Korejanci!, Dec 5, 1999 7.^ "CHILDREN’S FILM PROGRAMME". Pula Film Festival. July 2008. http://www.pulafilmfestival.hr/55/en/index.php?p=list&group=37. Retrieved 2008-03-12. 8.^ "Čudnovate zgode šegrta Hlapića" (in Slovenian). SloCartoon. http://www.slocartoon.net/?main=cartoons/cartoon&cartoon_id=1318. Retrieved 2009-03-12. 9.^ Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences (1997-11-24). "44 Countries Hoping for Oscar Nominations". Press release. Archived from the original on 1998-02-13. http://web.archive.org/web/19980213090309/www.oscars.org/pressrelea.... Retrieved 2009-03-12. 10.^ Bukovac, Petar (2000-11-05). "Nakon Šegrta Hlapića, uskoro nam dolaze i Priče iz davnine" (in Croatian). Vjesnik d.d. http://www.vjesnik.com/html/2000/11/05/Clanak.asp?r=kul&c=5. Retrieved 2009-02-27. 11.^ "Tales of Long Ago". Animafest Zagreb. 2008. http://www.animafest.hr/en/index.php?page=tales-of-long-ago. Retrieved 2009-02-27. 12.^ "Bulaja Naklada" (in English). Bulaja Naklada. October 2010. http://www.bulaja.com/onama_eng.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-10. 13.^ "Bulaja Naklada - News" (in English). Bulaja Naklada. October 2010. http://www.bulaja.com/index_eng.htm. Retrieved 2010-08-10.