Bartolomé Romero de Pedraza

Family Background Information: Strong evidence from archives of the Inquisition show that the Romeros who came to NM were Jewish conversos, and who continued to live under church suspicions of Jewish practices. ONMF, p. 95-98 http://cybergata.com/roots/5497.htm

Today the records of the Inquisition are the most valuable documents relating the 17th century New Mexico family memory and history. Fray Angelico Chavez read through numerous volumes of Photostat copies of Inquisition records to compile the first genealogical account of the Romero family of 17th century New Mexico which has since provided the pivotal juncture for additional research. In the past decade research in Spain turned up church records related to the family of Bartolome Romero the progenitor of the Romero family in New Mexico.

Part 1 of a detailed history and genealogy of the first three generations of the Romero family of seventeenth century New Mexico is scheduled for publication in the January 2003 issues of Herencia (Quarterly Journal of the Hispanic Genealogical Research Center of New Mexico). The article, researched and written by José Antonio Esquibel, is titled The Romero Family of Seventeenth Century New Mexico. Part 1 consists of about 29 pages with new genealogical information extracted from records of the Inquisition and detailed citation of sources. Additional historical and genealogical information is dealt with in sections relating to various branches of the Romero family. Several excerpts of Part 1 are offered here:

The Romero clan of seventeenth century New Mexico was skillfully successful in acquiring land, office, riches, and associated privileges, which were sought by many people who came to the Americas. As the family grew, each generation was quick to take advantage of their privileged status and the available opportunities to expand their social and political influence and their economic prosperity. This is illustrated through strategic matrimonial alliances of the Romero children, and in the numerous military and civil appointments of the Romero men, such as alcalde mayor, alcalde ordinario, regidor, procurador, protector de indios, teniente, capitán, and sargento mayor. By 1660 the Romero clan held interest in almost a third of New Mexicos encomiendas.

Clearly, a number of New Mexican citizens took unkindly to the forceful authority of the Franciscans in New Mexico. Men such as Gaspar Pérez (an in-law of the Romero), Luis López (a neighbor of the Romero), Juan Domínguez de Mendoza (an ally of the Romero), Deigo Pérez Romero, and Christóbal de Anaya Almazán (an in-law of the Domínguez de Mendoza), were deemed by Franciscan friars to hold heretical beliefs. In several of these cases public conflicts between these men and the friars were well-known and attested to by witnesses. Tipping the balance of power in favor of the Franciscans was a very potent tool to counter perceived disloyalties, namely the Office of the Inquisition. For example, Gaspar Pérez was of the opinion that the governor held absolute authority over the Franciscans, and he found himself denounced to the Inquisition by the friars.

The use of the Inquisition in New Mexico can be viewed as a strategic process of tipping the scale of political and economic control. This was certainly the case when governors of New Mexico denounced or supported the denunciation of their political enemies to the Inquisition and vice versa. As discussed below in regard to the suit against Diego Pérez Romero, his grants of encomienda were redistributed to other citizens and he was exiled from New Mexico, losing all privileges of social and military office and titles. He went from being an alcalde oridianrio of the Villa de Santa Fe, an encomedero, and a sargento mayor of New Mexico to a mayordomo of a hacienda, and was even shunned by his wife who refused to join him in exile.

The testimony of Diego Pérez Romero [before the tribunal of the Inquisition in Mexico City] offers valuable genealogical information on the first three generations of the Romero family in New Mexico. Of particular note are the clear genealogical links that can now be made between members of the Romero family that previously could not be confirmed, although logic dictated possible connections. This is particularly true for the Romero de Pedraza family and the Romero de Salazar family. Fray Angélico Chávez supposed that Bartolomé Romero de Pedraza and Francisco Romero de Pedraza were sons of Matías Romero and doña Isabel de Pedraza. As it turns out, the other children were Pedro Romero, Felipe Romero, Catalina Romero, and Luisa Romero, the wife of Juan Lucero de Godoy. This information now allows descendents of Felipe, Catalina, and Luisa to make the genealogical connection to the founders of the Romero family in New Mexico that has eluded researchers for many years.

Researcher: José Antonio Esquibel Source: José Antonio Esquibel, The Romero Family of Seventeenth Century New Mexico, Part 1, forthcoming in Herencia, January 2003. _________________________________________ 2. From the Declaration of the Soldiers drawn by Juan Frías Salazar, Todos Santos, Nueva Vizcaya, 10 January 1598:

I, Alférez Bartolomé Romero, married to Doña Lucía López, am bringing her and my household and family on this expedition . . . " 10

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