Anne Neville, Queen consort of England

Queen consort of England

Tenure 26 June 1483 – 16 March 1485

Coronation 6 July 1483

Spouse Edward of Westminster, Prince of Wales

m. 1470; dec. 1471

Richard III of England

m. 1472; wid. 1485

Issue

Edward of Middleham, Prince of Wales

Father Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick

Mother Anne Neville, 16th Countess of Warwick

Born 11 June 1456(1456-06-11)

Warwick Castle, Warwickshire

Died 16 March 1485 (aged 28)

Westminster Abbey, London

Burial Westminster Abbey, London

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Anne Neville

Lady Anne Neville (11 June 1456 – 16 March 1485) was an English queen, the daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick (the "Kingmaker"). She became Princess of Wales as the wife of Edward of Westminster and then Queen of England as the wife of King Richard III.

As a member of the powerful House of Neville, she played a critical part in the Wars of the Roses fought between the House of York and House of Lancaster for the English crown. Her father Warwick betrothed her as a girl to Edward, Prince of Wales, the son of Henry VI.[1] The marriage was to seal an alliance to the House of Lancaster and continue the civil war between the two houses of Lancaster and York.[1]

After the death of Edward, the Dowager Princess of Wales married Richard, Duke of Gloucester, brother of Edward IV and of George, Duke of Clarence, the husband of Anne Neville's older sister Isabel. Anne Neville became queen when Richard III ascended the throne in June 1483, following the declaration that Edward IV's children by Elizabeth Woodville were illegitimate. Anne Neville predeceased her husband by five months, dying in March 1485. Her only child was Edward of Middleham, who predeceased her.

Anne Neville was born at Warwick Castle, the younger daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and Anne de Beauchamp. Her father was one of the most powerful noblemen in England and the most important supporter of the House of York. Her grandfather's sister, Cecily Neville, was the wife of Richard, Duke of York, who claimed the crown for the House of York.

Much of Anne Neville's childhood was spent at Middleham Castle, one of her father's properties, where she and her elder sister, Isabel, met two younger sons of the Duke of York: Richard, Duke of Gloucester (the future Richard III) and George, Duke of Clarence. Richard especially attended his knighthood training at Middleham since mid-1461 until at least the spring of 1465,[2] or possibly since 1465 until late 1468.[3] It is possible that even at this early stage, a match between the Earl's daughters and the young dukes was being considered.[4] The Duke of York was killed on 30 December 1460 but, with Warwick's help, his eldest son became King Edward IV in March 1461. In July 1469, Lady Isabel married Clarence, while in July 1470, after the Earl of Warwick's flight to France and change of allegiance, Anne Neville was betrothed to Edward of Westminster, the Lancastrian heir to the throne of England, and married to him by the end of the same year.[1]

The Earl of Warwick had been at odds with Edward IV for some time, resenting the rise in the king's favour of the new queen's family, the Woodvilles. In 1469, the earl tried to put his son-in-law George on the throne, but met resistance from Parliament. After a second rebellion against King Edward failed in early 1470, he was forced to flee to France, where he allied himself with the ousted House of Lancaster in 1470. With King Henry VI imprisoned in the Tower of London, the de facto Lancastrian leader was his consort, Margaret of Anjou, who was suspicious of Warwick's motives. To quell these suspicions, Anne Neville was formally betrothed to the son of Henry VI and Margaret of Anjou, Edward of Westminster, at the Château d'Amboise in France. They were married in Angers Cathedral, probably on 13 December 1470, to make Anne Neville the Princess of Wales.

Warwick restored Henry VI to the throne in October 1470, however Edward IV returned to the country in March 1471 and quickly captured London and the person of Henry VI. The mentally troubled Henry VI was taken by Edward IV as a prisoner to the Battle of Barnet, where Warwick was killed on 14 April 1471. Edward IV then incarcerated Henry VI in the Tower of London. Following the decisive Yorkist victory at the Battle of Tewkesbury on 4 May, Henry was reported to have died of "pure displeasure and melancholy," although "The Great Chronicle of London" reported that Richard, Duke of Gloucester, was responsible for his death. As Constable of England, he probably delivered King Edward's order to kill Henry to the Constable of the Tower.[2]

Margaret of Anjou had returned to England with Anne Neville and Prince Edward in April, bringing additional troops. At the Battle of Tewkesbury, Edward IV crushed this last Lancastrian army. Prince Edward was killed in or shortly after the battle, and Anne Neville was taken prisoner. She was taken first to Coventry and then to the house of her brother-in-law the Duke of Clarence in London, while her mother Anne Beauchamp, Warwick's wife, sought sanctuary in Beaulieu Abbey. When the crisis settled down and the Countess wished to be restored to her estates, Edward IV refused her safe conduct to plead her case; she wrote to Queen Elizabeth and several others to no avail.[5]

Anne, now widowed, became the subject of some dispute between George of Clarence and his brother Richard of Gloucester, who still wanted to marry her. Anne Neville and her sister, the Duchess of Clarence, were heiresses to their parents' vast estates. Clarence, anxious to secure the entire inheritance, treated her as his ward and opposed her getting married, which would strengthen her position to claim a share.

There are various accounts of what happened subsequently, including the story that Clarence hid her in a London cookshop, disguised as a servant, so that his brother would not know where she was. Gloucester is said to have tracked her down and escorted her to sanctuary at the Church of St Martin le Grand.[6] In order to win the final consent of his brother George to the marriage, Richard of Gloucester renounced most of Warwick’s land and property, including the earldoms of Warwick (which the earl had held in his wife’s right) and Salisbury and surrendered to Clarence the office of Great Chamberlain of England.[2]

The exact date of the wedding of Anne Neville and Richard, Duke of Gloucester, is not known, although most sources agree that a ceremony took place in the spring of 1472 in the chapel of St Stephen in Westminster Palace.[7][8] The couple made their marital home in the familiar surroundings of Middleham Castle,Yorkshire, after Richard was appointed Governor of the North on the king's behalf. Upon her marriage, Anne was styled Duchess of Gloucester. They had only one child, Edward, born at Middleham allegedly sometime in 1473, but more probably in 1476.[9] Anne's mother, the dowager Countess of Warwick, joined her daughter's household in 1473 after Richard obtained the king's permission to release his mother-in-law from her guarded sanctuary[10]

In 1478, Anne Neville inherited the Lordship of Glamorgan. The title had been held by her father and on his death had passed to Anne's elder sister Isabel Neville. Females could not exercise the Lordship in their own right, so the title immediately transferred to Isabel's husband, the Duke of Clarence. On his death in February 1478, the title passed to Anne and was henceforth exercised by her husband, Richard of Gloucester until his death, when it passed to the new king, Henry VII.[11]

On 9 April 1483, Edward IV died and Anne's husband Richard was named Lord Protector for his 12-year-old nephew Edward V. But on 25 June 1483, Edward V and his siblings were declared illegitimate and Richard ascended the throne as King Richard III. Anne Neville was crowned alongside her husband on 6 July 1483 by Thomas Bourchier, Archbishop of Canterbury, in the first joint coronation after 175 years. The queen’s train was borne by Margaret, Countess of Richmond, whose son would become Henry VII after defeating Richard at the Battle of Bosworth. Almost the entire peerage of England was present at what was a magnificent spectacle.[12][13] Richard and Anne's son Edward of Middleham was created Prince of Wales in York Minster on 8 September 1483 following their Royal Progress across England.[14]

Anne was on good terms with her mother-in-law Cecily Neville, Duchess of York, with whom she discussed religious works, such as the writings of Mechtilde of Hackeborn.[15]

Edward of Middleham died suddenly in April 1484 at Sheriff Hutton, while his parents were in Nottingham on their way to visit him. Both Richard and Anne were overwhelmed with grief at this news.[16] Anne was particularly heartbroken, and she fell gravely ill only a few months later.

After the death of her son, Anne Neville effectively adopted Edward, Earl of Warwick, the mutual nephew of Richard III and Anne Neville. Richard III made the boy his heir presumptive, probably in deference to Anne Neville's wishes. Edward of Warwick was later described as "simple-minded" in Tudor records, and after Anne Neville died, Richard promptly named another nephew, John de la Pole, Earl of Lincoln, as his heir presumptive.

Anne Neville died on 16 March 1485, probably of tuberculosis, at Westminster. The day she died, there was an eclipse,[17] which some took to be an omen of her husband's fall from heavenly grace. She was buried in Westminster Abbey in an unmarked grave to the right of the High Altar, next to the door to the Confessor's Chapel.[18] Richard III is said to have wept at her funeral. Nevertheless, rumours circulated that Richard III had poisoned her in order to marry his niece Elizabeth of York.[19]

Richard sent Elizabeth away from court to Sheriff Hutton and publicly refuted these rumours on 30 March 1485 during an assembly of Lords he summoned at the Hospital of St. John. Addressing them "in a loud and distinct voice", he "showed his grief and displeasure aforesaid and said it never came into his thought or mind to marry in such manner wise, nor willing nor glad of the death of his queen but as sorry and in heart as heavy as man might be …".[20] There is no reason to doubt that Richard's grief over his wife's death was genuine.[21] Documents later found in the Portuguese royal archives show that after Anne's death, Richard's ambassadors were sent on a formal errand to negotiate a double marriage between Richard and the Portuguese king's sister Joanna, of Lancastrian descent, and Elizabeth of York and Joana's cousin Duke Manuel (the future Manuel I).[22]

There was no memorial to Queen Anne until 1960, when a bronze tablet was erected on a wall near her grave by the Richard III Society.

• .... etc.

From: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anne_Neville

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• Anne Neville1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9
• F, #55080, b. 11 June 1456, d. 16 March 1485
• Father Sir Richard 'the King Maker' Neville, 1st Earl Warwick, 2nd Earl Salisbury, Lord Bergavenny, Glamorgan, & Morgannwg, Sheriff of Worcestershire, Admiral of England, Ireland, & Aquitaine, Chamberlain of the Exchequer1,10,2,3,4,11,6,7,12,9 b. 22 Nov 1428, d. 14 Apr 1471
• Mother Anne Beauchamp13,10,2,3,4,11,6,7,12,9 b. c Sep 1426, d. c 20 Sep 1492
• Anne Neville was born on 11 June 1456 at Warwick Castle, Warwickshire, England.13,10,3,4,6 She married Sir Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester & Flint, son of Henry VI Plantagenet, King of England & France and Margaret de Anjou, circa 13 December 1470 at Amboise, Indre-et-Loire, Centre, France; No issue.14,10,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9 Anne Neville married Sir Richard III Plantagenet, King of England, Duke of Gloucester, son of Sir Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York, 6th Earl of March, 8th Earl of Ulster, Protector of England and Cecily Neville, circa 18 March 1472 at Westminster Abbey, London, Middlesex, England; They had 1 son (Sir Edward).10,2,15,4,5,6,7,8,9 Anne Neville and Sir Richard III Plantagenet, King of England, Duke of Gloucester obtained a marriage license on 22 April 1472; Request for dispensation to marry, they being in the 3rd & 4th degrees of affinity.4,6,7,9 Anne Neville died on 16 March 1485 at Westminster, London, Middlesex, England, at age 28; Buried under the presbytery on the south side of Westminster Abbey, London.1,10,3,4,6,7,9
• Family 1 Sir Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwall, Earl of Chester & Flint b. 13 Oct 1453, d. 4 May 1471
• Family 2 Sir Richard III Plantagenet, King of England, Duke of Gloucester b. 2 Oct 1452, d. 22 Aug 1485
• Child
  • Sir Edward Plantagenet, Duke of Cornwall, Earl Salisbury & Chester, Prince of Wales13,6,9 b. 1476, d. 9 Apr 1484
• Citations
• [S11575] The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, by Gerald Paget, Vol. I, p. 28, 30.
• [S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 511-512.
• [S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 798.
• [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. II, p. 573.
• [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 166.
• [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. IV, p. 409-410.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. III, p. 531-532.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 128.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. V, p. 457-458.
• [S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 439.
• [S16] Douglas Richardson, Magna Carta Ancestry, 2nd Edition, Vol. III, p. 164-165.
• [S4] Douglas Richardson, Royal Ancestry, Vol. IV, p. 125-127.
• [S11575] The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, by Gerald Paget, Vol. I, p. 30.
• [S11575] The Lineage and Ancestry of H.R.H. Prince Charles, Prince of Wales, by Gerald Paget, Vol. I, p. 28.
• [S5] Douglas Richardson, Plantagenet Ancestry, p. 797.
• From: http://our-royal-titled-noble-and-commoner-ancestors.com/p1833.htm#... ____________
• Lady Anne Beauchamp Neville
• F, #101629, b. 11 June 1456, d. 16 March 1485
• Last Edited=18 Jan 2011
• Consanguinity Index=0.66%
• Lady Anne Beauchamp Neville was born on 11 June 1456 at Warwick Castle, Warwick, Warwickshire, England.1 She was the daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick and Lady Anne Beauchamp. She married, firstly, Edward Plantagenet, Prince of Wales, son of Henry VI Plantagenet, King of England and Margaret d'Anjou, on 13 December 1470 at Château d'Amboise, Amboise, Bourgogne, France.1 She married, secondly, Richard III Plantagenet, King of England, son of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York and Lady Cecily Neville, on 12 July 1472 at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.2 She died on 16 March 1485 at age 28 at Palace of Westminster, Westminster, London, England, tuberculosis (probably).3 She was buried at Westminster Abbey, Westminster, London, England.3
• As a result of her marriage, Lady Anne Beauchamp Neville was styled as Queen Consort Anne of England on 6 July 1483.3
• Child of Lady Anne Beauchamp Neville and Richard III Plantagenet, King of England
  • Edward of Middleham Plantagenet, Prince of Wales b. Dec 1473, d. 31 Mar 1484
• Citations
• [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families: The Complete Genealogy (London, U.K.: The Bodley Head, 1999), page 132. Hereinafter cited as Britain's Royal Families.
• [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 142.
• [S11] Alison Weir, Britain's Royal Families, page 143.
• From: http://thepeerage.com/p10163.htm#i101629 _____________
• Anne NEVILLE (Queen of England)
• Born: 11 Jun 1456, Warwick Castle, Warwick, England
• Died: 16 Mar 1484/85, Westminster Palace, London, England
• Father: Richard "King Maker" NEVILLE (1º E. Warwick)
• Mother: Anne BEAUCHAMP
• Married 1: Edward PLANTAGENET (Prince of Wales) 13 Dec 1470, Chateau d'Amboise, France
• Married 2: RICHARD III PLANTAGENET 12 Jul 1472, Westminster Abbey, London, England
• Children:
  • 1. Edward "of Middleham" PLANTAGENET (Prince of Wales)
• From: http://www.tudorplace.com.ar/NEVILLE2.htm#Anne NEVILLE (Queen of England) ________________
• Anne Neville
• Birth: Jun. 10, 1456 Warwick, Warwick District, Warwickshire, England
• Death: Mar. 16, 1485 Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England
• English Monarch. Queen consort of King Richard III. The daughter of Richard Neville, Earl of Warwick, she was used as a political pawn for much of her short life. Her father formally betrothed her to Edward, Prince of Wales, the son of deposed King Henry VI, in 1470. It is unknown whether there was a marriage, or if the relationship was ever consummated. Upon the death of Edward in 1471, Anne found herself the subject of much dispute within the king's family. King Edward IV's brother Richard, Duke of Gloucester, wished to marry her(she had been his childhood sweetheart), while her brother-in-law George, Duke of Clarence, opposed the marriage, wishing to be sole heir to the considerable Neville fortune. Richard and Anne were married July 12, 1472, and Richard became king in 1483. Their only child, Edward, died suddenly in 1484. Anne had never been of robust health, and probably suffered from tuberculosis. Despite rumours of having been poisoned by her husband, she probably died as a result of the disease. (bio by: Kristen Conrad)
• Family links:
• Parents:
• Richard Neville (1428 - 1471)
• Anne de Beauchamp (1426 - 1492)
• Spouses:
• King Richard (1452 - 1485)*
• Edward of Westminster (1453 - 1471)*
• Children:
  • Edward of Middleham (1473 - 1484)*
• Siblings:
• Margaret Neville Threlkeld (____ - 1499)**
• Isabel Neville Plantagenet (1451 - 1476)*
• Anne Neville (1456 - 1485)
• *Calculated relationship
• **Half-sibling
• Burial: Westminster Abbey, Westminster, City of Westminster, Greater London, England
• Find A Grave Memorial# 8344524
• From: http://www.findagrave.com/cgi-bin/fg.cgi?page=gr&GRid=8344524 ______________
• A General and Heraldic Dictionary of the Peerage and Baronetage of the ... By John Burke
• https://books.google.com/books?id=t99PVFm380UC&pg=PR25&lpg=PR25&dq=...
• Pg.xxv ___________________________
• Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 17
• Edward (1453-1471) by James Gairdner
• EDWARD, Prince of Wales (1453–1471), only son of Henry VI, was born at Westminster on 13 Oct. 1453, eight years after his father's marriage with Margaret of Anjou, and the day being that of the translation of St. Edward the King and Confessor, he received the name of Edward at baptism. He was baptised by Bishop Waynfleet; Cardinal Kemp and Edmund,duke of Somerset, were his godfatthers, and Anne, duchess of Buckingham, was his godmother. His father's faculties were at the time clouded by an illness which had begun in August. At the beginning of January 1454 an ineffectual attempt was made to bring the child under the unhappy parent's notice. The babe was created Prinoe of Wales on Whitsunday, 9 June 1454. The government meanwhile had passed from the hands of Somerset into those of the Duke of York, who was appointed protector during the king's imbecility, with a proviso that he should give up his charge to the Prince of Wales if the latter should be willing to undertake it when he attained years of discretion (Rolls of Parl. v. 243). But next Christmas the king recovered, and on 30 Dec. the queen again brought to him his child, now more than a twelvemonth old. He asked his name, and, being told Edward, held up his hands and thanked God. The king's recovery only led the removal of the protector, the restoration of? inneficient ministers, distrust, and civil The king again fell ill, and York was protector; the king again recovered, and York was again removed. For seven years ?? was in confusion.
• .... etc.
• Thus fell Edward, prince of Wales, who is described as 'a goodly feminine and a well-featured young gentleman,' in the eighteenth year of his age. His intended bride, Anne Nevill, whom the writers of that day call his wife, was taken prisoner after the battle, and a little later became the wife of Richard, duke of Gloucester [see Anne, queen of Richard III].
• [An English Chronicle, ed. Davies (Camd. Soc.); Paston Letters; Wil. Wyrcester, Annales; Collections of a London Citizen (Camd. Soc.); Three Fifteenth-century Chronicles (Camd. Soc.); Burnett's Exchequer Rolls of Scotland, vol. vii. (Scotch Record Publications); Anchiennes Cronicques d'Engleterre par Jehan de Wavrin (Dupont's edit.); Registrum J. Whethamstede, ed. Riley (Rolls Series); Leland's Collectanea, ii. 498–9; Hearne's Fragment (after Sprott), 304; Hist. Croyland. Contin. in Fulman's Scriptores, i. 533, 550, 553, 555; Ellis's Letters, 2nd ser. i. 132–5; Clermont's Fortescue, i. 22–31; Fabyan's Chronicle; Hall's Chronicle; Polydore Vergil.]
• From: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Edward_(1453-1471)_(DNB00) _____________
• Dictionary of National Biography, 1885-1900, Volume 48
• Richard III by James Gairdner
• RICHARD III (1452–1485), king of England, the eleventh child of Richard, duke of York [q. v.], by Cicely, daughter of Ralph Neville, first earl of Westmorland [q. v.], was born at Fotheringhay Castle in Northamptonshire on 2 Oct. 1452. At the time of his birth the court of Henry VI stood in fear of his father's pretension to the crown, and civil war was brewing. He was just seven years old when, owing to his father's hasty flight from Ludlow (October 1459), his mother, with her two youngest sons—namely, George and himself—was taken in Ludlow Castle and handed over by Henry VI to the keeping of her sister Anne, duchess of Buckingham. .... etc.
• .... A few years later, Richard Neville, earl of Warwick, ‘the kingmaker,’ whose disaffection to Edward IV was beginning, tried to seduce both these younger brothers from their allegiance, and carried them down with him to Cambridge; but Richard remained steadfast to Edward, although Clarence proved disloyal. About the beginning of 1466 Richard was elected a knight of the Garter (Anstis, Register of the Garter, p. 181), and in the same year he was at the banquet at the enthronement of Archbishop George Neville [q. v.] of York (Leland, Collectanea, vi. 3). .... etc.
• .... Warwick had left two daughters, of whom Clarence had already married the elder, and Richard now proposed to marry the younger, named Anne [see Anne, 1456–1485]. She had been betrothed to the late—probably murdered—prince of Wales, but she seems to have had no great objection to marry his reputed murderer. Clarence, however, who had kept his sister-in-law hitherto in a state of pupilage (she was not yet fifteen), opposed the marriage, and particularly objected to divide his father-in-law's inheritance. He hid the young lady from his brother's eyes, but Richard discovered her in London disguised as a kitchenmaid, and placed her in the sanctuary of St. Martin's-le-Grand for security. On this a vehement dispute took place between the brothers, who each supported his own claim before the king with an ability that astonished even lawyers; and, though the king decided that Richard should have Anne, with a certain portion of Warwick's property, an ill-will that threatened at times to come to blows endured for years between the two [see Plantagenet, George].
• In September 1471 Richard is said to have caused the bastard Falconbridge to be beheaded in Yorkshire [see Fauconberg, Thomas, the Bastard of]. But probably there is some mistake here. The bastard had commanded Warwick's fleet and bombarded London while Edward was in the west country, but had submitted to Richard at Sandwich on 26 May; and Richard took him to Middleham apparently as a prisoner on parole (Wavrin-Dupont, iii. 145; cf. Ramsay, ii. 387, n. 3, from which it would seem that ‘Merlan’ must be Middleham); but as the bastard afterwards attempted to escape, hoping, as it was believed, to have found shipping somewhere, he forfeited his claim to mercy. He was captured at Southampton, and probably executed there. In 1473 the widowed Countess of Warwick, who had been in Beaulieu sanctuary in Hampshire since her husband's death, at length came out, and was conveyed by Sir James Tyrell [q. v.] into the north. She seems to have been anxious to throw herself upon Richard's protection, and Clarence was believed to have objected to her removal. The king, according to a letter of that date, restored to her all her patrimonial property, the lands of the Beauchamps; but she granted it to Richard, with whom she had found a home, probably at Middleham. The whole of her property, however, alike inheritance and jointure, was divided between him and Clarence by an act of parliament in May 1474, her own rights being set aside just as if she were dead, and Richard kept her as a prisoner while he lived.
• The secret order for the death of the two young princes seems to have been given by Richard when on a royal progress which he made just after his coronation. He went first by Windsor and Reading to Oxford, where he met with a noble reception, and spent two days visiting the colleges; then to Woodstock, where he won popularity by disafforesting some land that his brother Edward had annexed to Whichwood Forest; then on to Gloucester, and to Worcester. Each of these towns offered him a gift of money to defray his expenses, as London itself had done before; but he gracefully declined, saying he would rather have their hearts than their money. At Warwick, which he reached next, he received the Duke of Albany and an embassy from Spain. He then went on through Coventry, Leicester, and Nottingham to York, which he reached on 29 Aug. There he stayed several days, and on 8 Sept. he and his queen [see Anne, 1456–1485] walked through the streets with crowns on their heads, and his son Edward was created prince of Wales.
• From: https://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Richard_III_(DNB00) _________________
• Links:
• http://www.oxforddnb.com/view/printable/556
• http://www.geneall.net/U/per_page.php?id=2172
• http://www.stepneyrobarts.co.uk/12476.htm
• http://www.genealogy4u.com/genealogy/getperson.php?personID=I1303&t...
• https://histfam.familysearch.org//getperson.php?personID=I1147&tree...

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