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Here is more detailed info specifically relating to Francis Cooke.
I uploaded to the Sources tab on his profile the original research publications that seem to be the sources as to why everyone is citing a birth date of 1583+-. You can click on the links below and then choose Original Pdf to read the doc more clearly.
I suggest you read the one about marriage first, as it is only 2 to 3 pages and it shows examples of how "guesses" are made. The same method is done for all the dates, names, places, children, parents, etc, when researching a person from history. That's why I like genealogy.. sort of a mix between murder mystery, private detective story, sudoku, and jigsaw puzzle.
https://www.geni.com/documents/view?doc_id=6000000175316905994
Then if you want to see what was researched for the birth, and why 1583 was chosen as most probable, you can read this longer one. When I read the marriage one (since it was written by the same person),, it seems to say that the reason he chose 1583 was because he was guessing his age at marriage based on cultural norms at the time... but in reality that could be way off. That and he assumes that Francis was younger than estimated at this death (he gives the reasons why he thinks so)..
Sort of a triangulation between what people said about his age at death, his death date was known, his marriage date was known, and what people thought was typical age for first marriage (that assumes that this was his first marriage.). That's what it seems like to me. That is why his profile on GENI is locked with a birth date of
Between Circa 1583 (plus or minus 5 years from 1583) and probably no later than April 6, 1583.
https://www.geni.com/documents/view?doc_id=6000000175316384900
you can read this other profile from the Great Migration Project, although it doesn't go into much detail about why 1583. The why is in the 2 docs above that are cited in his Great Migration Profile. No one has found anything else.
https://mayflower.americanancestors.org/francis-cook-biography
https://www.wikitree.com/wiki/Mahieu-1
Marriage
Francis Cooke married Hester le Mahieu, 20 Jul 1603, Leiden.[35][36]
Marriage June 1603 [37][38]
Bruidegom Franchoys Couck (wolkammer) geboren te Engelant
Bruid Hester Mahieu geboren te Cantelberch Engelant. Witnesses Groom-Getuigen bruidegom: Phillippe de Veau bekende - Raphael Roelandt bekende. Witnesses Bride-Getuigen bruid: Jenne Mahieu moeder - Jenne Mahieu zuster
Translated: Franchoys Couck, of England, Wool-comber, acc[ompanied] by Phillipe de Veau and Raphael Roelandt his acq[aintance]. betr[othed]. 30 June 1603 to Hester Mahieu of Canterbury in England, acc[ompanied]. by Jenne Mahieu her mother and Jenne Mahieu her sister ... [37][38]
[Although Hester Mahieu is listed as "of Canterbury," she was actually Walloon, French-speaking Belgian, and not English. Many Walloons lived in Canterbury, engaged in the textile trades.] [39]
Just wanted to say thank you to you all, I knew nothing about my father side of the family and defined out during my research that my 12th great grandmother was Katherine White Carver. To feel like you belong to other people in this world, it’s a gift that you guys give by all your research. And info.
Caleb Johnson shows them as Mayflower passengers.
http://mayflowerhistory.com/brewster-mary/
Mary came to Plymouth on the Mayflower in 1620 with husband William, and her two youngest children Love and Wrestling. Mary was one of only five adult women to survive the first winter, and one of only four women to survive to the so-called "First Thanksgiving" in 1621. Son Jonathan Brewster joined the family in November 1621, arriving at Plymouth on the ship Fortune. Daughters Patience and Fear came on the ship Anne in 1623.
In addition to what Erica noted, the Mayflower Society is always a good quick reference to check:
William Brewster was accompanied on the Mayflower by his wife, Mary, and sons Love and Wrestling. Also with the family was four year old Maria/Mary Moore whose sister Ellen and brothers Richard and Jasper More had been placed with families making the voyage; brother Richard was the only child who survived. The Brewsters left three children behind in Holland, Jonathan, Patience and Fear, however Jonathan arrived in Plymouth a year later on the Fortune in 1621, and sisters Patience and Fear arrived on the Anne in 1623. Both sisters would die 10 years later during the 1633 epidemic that swept through Plymouth resulting in many deaths.
https://themayflowersociety.org/passenger-profile/passenger-profile...