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Bloodstained copy of L'Ami du peuple held by Marat at his assassination
In 2020, a genetic study showed that the figure of the French Revolution Jean-Paul Marat killed in 1793, had the haplogroup H2 (mtDNA).[ Metagenomic analysis of a blood stain from the French revolutionary Jean-Paul Marat (1743-1793) ]
Heart of Louis XVII inside a crystal urn, now buried at St Denis
Louis XVII was the younger son of King of France Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette. His maternal haplogroup is H. [ DNA analysis of the putative heart of Louis XVII, son of Louis XVI and Marie-Antoinette ]
Locket containing Marie Antoinette's hair in the British Museum
The maternal haplogroup of Marie Antoinette is H.[ Mitochondrial DNA analysis on remains of a putative son of Louis XVI, King of France and Marie-Antoinette Mitochondrial DNA Haplogroup of the Queen Marie-Antoinette (1755-1793) ]
Napoleon's Tomb - Paris, FR
Analysis of two beard hairs revealed that Napoleon Bonaparte belonged to Y haplogroup E1b1b1c1 (E-M34). [[Charles Napoléon Bonaparte Charles Napoléon Bonaparte] Charles Napoléon], the current collateral male descendant of Napoléon I, belongs to this same Y-haplogroup [ Haplogroup of the Y Chromosome of Napoléon the First ; Napoleon Bonaparte’s Y-DNA Haplogroup Belonged to E1b1b1c1* (E-M34) ]
Grave site where the Romanov bodies were discovered
Empress Alexandra of Russia and her children, Grand Duchess Olga Nikolaevna Romanova , Tatiana Nikolaevna Romanova Grand Duchess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova Anastasia Nikolaevna Romanova Anastasia, and Alexei Nikolaevich Romanov Alexei were identified as belonging to mtDNA haplogroup H (16111T, 16357C, 263G, 315.1C). This identity was confirmed by match to that of her grand-nephew, Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. [ Mystery Solved: The Identification of the Two Missing Romanov Children Using DNA Analysis ]
Ramses III's mummy
In December 2012, a genetic study conducted by the same researchers who decoded King Tutankhamun's DNA predicted using an STR-predictor that Ramesses III, second pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of Egypt and considered to be the last great New Kingdom regent to wield any substantial authority over Egypt, belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup E-M2, alternatively known as haplogroup E1b1a. [ Revisiting the harem conspiracy and death of Ramesses III: anthropological, forensic, radiological, and genetic study ]
Richard III's bones as originally discovered under a car park
Richard III's mitochondrial haplotype was inferred from living descendants and then the identity of his remains confirmed through a multidisciplinary process including genetic analysis of both his mitochondrial and Y-DNA. In 2004 British historian John Ashdown-Hill traced a British-born woman living in Canada, Joy Ibsen (née Brown), who is a direct maternal line descendant of [[Anne Leger, Duchess of Exeter Anne Leger, Duchess of Exeter] Anne of York, Duchess of Exeter], a sister of Richard III of England. [[Joy E. Ibsen Joy E. Ibsen] Joy Ibsen]'s mtDNA was tested and belongs to mtDNA haplogroup J. Joy Ibsen died in 2008. On 4 February 2013, University of Leicester researchers announced that there was an mtDNA match between that of a skeleton exhumed in Leicester suspected of belonging to Richard III and that of Joy Ibsen's son, Michael Ibsen, and a second direct maternal line descendant named [[Wendy Duldig Wendy Duldig] Wendy Duldig].They share mtDNA haplogroup J1c2c.
The Y haplogroup of Richard III, last king of the House of York and last of the House of Plantagenet, was identified as Y-DNA G-P287, in contrast to the Y haplotypes of the putative modern relatives. [ Richard III dig: 'It does look like him' ; Bones Under Parking Lot Belonged to Richard III ; The female-line relatives: Michael Ibsen and Wendy Duldig ; Richard III: The King in the Car Park ] See also: Exhumation and reburial of Richard III of England
Reconstruction of Sweyn Estridsson's head based on the skull
In order to verify whether the body of a woman entombed near Sweyn II of Denmark in Roskilde Cathedral is that of his mother Estrid, mtDNA from pulp of teeth from each of the two bodies was extracted and analysed. The king was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup H and the woman was assigned to mtDNA haplogroup H5a. Based on the observation of two HVR1 sequence differences, it was concluded that it is highly unlikely that the woman was the king's mother. [ The last Viking King: A royal maternity case solved by ancient DNA analysis ]
Howard Carter examining the innermost coffin of Tutankhamun, 1925
There is controversy regarding Tutankhamun's Y-DNA profile. It was not discussed in a 2010 academic study that included DNA profiling of some of the male mummies of the Eighteenth Dynasty of Egypt, and was published in the Journal of the American Medical Association.
The team that analysed the Eighteenth Dynasty mummies disputed a claim later made by the personal genomics company iGENEA regarding Tutankhamun's Y-DNA profile. Staff from iGENEA examined images from news coverage of the above study, that purportedly showed data from Tutankhamun's Y-DNA profile. Based on the unverified images, iGENEA claimed that Tutankhamun belonged to Y-DNA haplogroup R1b1a2,[32][33] a claim that was rejected as "unscientific" by members of the team that had actually analysed the Eighteenth Dynasty mummies. The original researchers also stated they had not been consulted by iGENEA before it published the haplogroup information. However, in a 2020 publication, those same researchers confirmed that the y-haplogroup of Tutankhamun was, indeed, R1b. [ Maternal and Paternal Lineages in King Tutankhamun's Family ]
